August 8  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
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-*[[1220]] - [[Sweden]] was defeated by [[Estonians|Estonian]] tribes in the [[Battle of Lihula]]. 
-*[[1509]] - The Emperor [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishnadeva Raya]] is crowned, marking the beginning of the regeneration of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. 
-*[[1576]] - The cornerstone for [[Tycho Brahe]]'s [[Uraniborg]] observatory is laid on [[Hven]]. 
-*[[1585]] - [[John Davis (English explorer)|John Davis]] enters [[Cumberland Sound]] in quest for the [[Northwest Passage]].  
-*[[1588]] - [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585)|Anglo-Spanish War]]: [[Spanish Armada#Battle of Gravelines|Battle of Gravelines]] - The naval engagement ends, thus ending the [[Spanish Armada]]'s attempt to invade England.  
-*[[1605]] - The city of [[Oulu]], [[Finland]], is founded by [[Charles IX of Sweden]]. 
-*[[1647]] - The [[Irish Confederate Wars]] and [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]]: [[Battle of Dungans Hill]] - [[England|English]] [[Parliament]]ary forces defeat [[Ireland|Irish]] forces.  
-*[[1786]] - [[Mont Blanc]] on the [[France|French]]- [[Italy|Italian]] border is climbed for the first time by [[Jacques Balmat]] and Dr [[Michel-Gabriel Paccard]].  
-*[[1793]] - The [[insurrection of Lyon]] occurred during the French Revolution.  
-*[[1794]] - [[Joseph Whidbey]] and [[George Vancouver]] lead an expedition to search for the [[Northwest Passage]] near [[Juneau, Alaska]]. 
-*[[1810]] - Eminent [[Urdu]] poet [[Ghalib|Mirza Ghalib]] married ''Maaroof'', daughter of Nawab Ilahi Baksh, and moved to [[Delhi]]. 
-*[[1839]] - [[Beta Theta Pi]] is founded in [[Oxford, Ohio]]. 
-*[[1844]] - The [[Quorum of the Twelve Apostles]], headed by [[Brigham Young]], is reaffirmed as the leading body of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (the LDS or Mormon Church).  
-*[[1863]] - [[American Civil War]]: Following his defeat in the [[Battle of Gettysburg]], General [[Robert E. Lee]] sends a letter of resignation to [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] President [[Jefferson Davis]] (which is refused upon receipt). 
-*[[1870]] - The ''[[Republic of Ploieşti]]'', a failed [[Liberalism in Romania|Radical-Liberal]] rising against [[Domnitor]] [[Carol I of Romania|Carol]] of [[Romania]].  
-*[[1876]] - [[Thomas Edison]] receives a patent for his [[mimeograph]].  
-*[[1908]] - [[Wilbur Wright]] makes his first flight at a racecourse at [[Le Mans]], France. It's the Wright Brothers' first public flight and the French public goes wild. 
-*[[1911]] - The millionth patent is filed in the [[United States Patent Office]] by Francis Holton for a tubeless vehicle tire. 
-* 1911 - [[Public Law 62-5]] sets the number of representatives in the [[United States House of Representatives]] at 435. The law would come into effect in [[1913]].  
-*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]: [[Battle of Amiens]] begins a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the [[Germany|German]] front lines.  
-*[[1929]] - The [[Germany|German]] airship ''[[LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin|Graf Zeppelin]]'' begins a round-the-world flight.  
-*[[1931]] - workers go on strike at the Hoover dam 
-*[[1938]] - The building of [[Mauthausen concentration camp]] begins. 
-*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: In [[Washington, DC]], six [[Germany|German]] would-be saboteurs are executed. 
-* 1942 - [[Quit India]] resolution was passed by the [[Bombay]] session of the AICC, which leads to the start of a civil disobedience movement across [[India]] 
-*[[1945]] - World War II - The [[Soviet Union]] declares war on [[Japan]] and [[Operation August Storm|invades Manchuria]].  
-* 1945 - The [[United Nations Charter]] is ratified by the [[United States]], which becomes the third nation to join.  
-*[[1946]] - First flight of the [[Convair B-36]].  
-*[[1947]] - [[Pakistan]]'s [[Flag of Pakistan|National Flag]] is approved. 
-*[[1949]] - [[Bhutan]] becomes independent  
-*[[1962]] - [[Elizabeth Ann Duncan]] becomes the last woman to be executed in the [[United States]] prior to the reintroduction of [[capital punishment]] in 1977.  
-*[[1963]] - [[The Great Train Robbery of 1963|Great Train Robbery]]: In [[England]], a gang of 15 [[train robbery|train robbers]] steal 2.6 million pounds in bank notes.  
*[[1966]] - The [[Beatles]] landmark album ''[[Revolver (album)|Revolver]]'' is released in the United States. *[[1966]] - The [[Beatles]] landmark album ''[[Revolver (album)|Revolver]]'' is released in the United States.
*[[1967]] - The [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) is founded. *[[1967]] - The [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) is founded.

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