Arthur Evans
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- | '''Knossos''', also known as [[Labyrinth]], or ''Knossos Palace'', is the largest [[Bronze Age]] [[archaeological site]] on [[Crete]] and probably the ceremonial and political center of the [[Minoan civilization]] and culture. It is also a tourist destination today, as it is near the main city of [[Heraklion]] and has been substantially restored, by archaeologist [[Arthur Evans]]. | + | '''Sir Arthur John Evans''' ([[8 July]] [[1851]] – [[11 July]] [[1941]]) was a British [[archaeologist]] most famous for unearthing the palace of [[Knossos]] on the [[Greece|Greek]] island of [[Crete]] at [[Kephala]] Hill and for developing the concept of "[[Minoan civilization]]" from the structures and artifacts there and elsewhere in Crete and the eastern Mediterranean. He was the first to define the Cretan scripts, [[Linear A]] and [[Linear B]] as well as an earlier pictographic writing. He and [[Heinrich Schliemann]] are considered the two major pioneers in the study of Aegean civilization in the [[Bronze Age]]. Although Schliemann died before Evans got started at Knossos the two men knew of each other. Evans visited Schliemann's sites. Schliemann had planned to excavate at Knossos himself but he reached the end of life before that dream could be fulfilled. Evans immediately bought the site and stepped in to take charge of the project that was then still in its infancy. He continued Schliemann's concept of "[[Mycenaean civilization]]" but soon found that he needed to distinguish another civilization — his "Minoan". |
- | The city of Knossos remained important through the Classical and Roman periods, but its population shifted to the new town of Handaq (modern [[Heraklion]]) during the 9th century AD. By the 13th century, it was called Makryteikhos 'Long Wall'; the bishops of [[Gortyn]] continued to call themselves Bishops of Knossos until the 19th century. Today, the name is used only for the archaeological site situated in the [[suburb]]s of Heraklion. | ||
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Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete at Kephala Hill and for developing the concept of "Minoan civilization" from the structures and artifacts there and elsewhere in Crete and the eastern Mediterranean. He was the first to define the Cretan scripts, Linear A and Linear B as well as an earlier pictographic writing. He and Heinrich Schliemann are considered the two major pioneers in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age. Although Schliemann died before Evans got started at Knossos the two men knew of each other. Evans visited Schliemann's sites. Schliemann had planned to excavate at Knossos himself but he reached the end of life before that dream could be fulfilled. Evans immediately bought the site and stepped in to take charge of the project that was then still in its infancy. He continued Schliemann's concept of "Mycenaean civilization" but soon found that he needed to distinguish another civilization — his "Minoan".