Arabization
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
| Revision as of 15:52, 25 June 2017 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Revision as of 15:54, 25 June 2017 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) Next diff → |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | '''Islamization''' (or '''Islamification''' (pejorative '''Muhammadization''') is the process of a society's conversion to the religion of [[Islam]]. In contemporary usage, it may refer to the perceived imposition of an [[Islamist]] social and political system on a society with an indigenously different social and political background. | + | '''Arabization''' [[Ise vs ize|or]] '''Arabisation''' ({{lang-ar|تعريب}} ''{{transl|ar|ALA-LC|taʻrīb}}'') describes either the conquest of a non-Arab area and growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations, causing their gradual adoption of the [[Arabic language]] and/or their incorporation of [[Arab culture]] and [[Arab people#Identity|Arab identity]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2016}} The religion of [[Islam]] and the associated [[Islamism|Islamist]] (government and society ordered in accordance with laws prescribed by Islam) socio-political order, with their central [[Quran]] text written in Arabic language and tailored for Arab culture, had a central role in Arabization, which usually went hand in hand with [[Islamization]] of conquered lands. Generally, elements of [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabian]] origin were combined in various forms with elements from conquered civilizations and ultimately denominated "Arab". Arabization also continued in modern times, most prominently being enforced by the Arab nationalist regimes of [[Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in North Iraq|Iraq]], [[Syria]], [[Sudan]], [[Mauritania]], [[Algeria]] and [[Libya]] with policies which include expanding [[settler colonialism|colonial]] Arab settlements, expulsion of non-Arab minorities and enforcement of Arab identity and culture upon non-Arab populations, in particular by means of not permitting autochthonous mother tongues other than Arabic in education. The [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]], citing local witnesses, also claims that the aggressive persecution of non-Arab minorities by the terror group [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] is forced Arabization. |
| - | ==See also== | + | After the [[rise of Islam]] in the [[Hejaz]], the Arabic culture and language were spread outside the Arabian peninsula through conquest, trade and intermarriages between members of the non-Arab local population and the peninsular Arabs. The Arabic language began to serve as a lingua franca in these areas and [[dialect]]s were formed. Although [[Yemen]] is traditionally held to be the homeland of the Arabs, most of the Yemeni population in fact did not speak Arabic prior to the spread of Islam, but instead [[South Semitic]] languages. The influence of Arabic has also been profound in many other countries, whose cultures have been influenced by Islam. Arabic was a major source of vocabulary for various languages. This process reached its zenith in the 10th to the 14th centuries, the high point of Arab culture, and although many of Arabic words have since fallen out of use, many still remain. |
| - | *[[Arabization]] | + | |
| - | *[[Eurabia]] | + | |
| - | *[[Islamic revival]] | + | |
| - | *[[Islamization of knowledge]] | + | |
| - | *[[Spread of Islam]] | + | |
| - | *[[Politics and sports]] | + | |
| - | *[[Talibanization]] | + | |
| - | *[[Islam in Europe]] | + | |
| - | *[[Criticism of Islamism]] | + | |
| - | *[[Christianization]] | + | |
| - | * [[Judaization]] | + | |
| - | *[[Westernization]] | + | |
| - | ===By area=== | + | == Early Arab expansion in the Near East == |
| - | *[[Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] | + | {{Unreferenced section|date=August 2016}} |
| - | *[[Islamization of Egypt]] | + | After [[Alexander the Great]], the [[Nabataean kingdom]] emerged and ruled a region extending from north of Arabia to the south of Syria. Nabateans were an amalgam of both Arabian and [[Aramean]] tribes, the former originating from the Arabian peninsula, who came under the influence of the earlier [[Aramaic]] culture, the neighbouring Hebrew culture of the Hasmonean kingdom, as well as the Hellenistic cultures in the region (especially with the Christianization of Nabateans in 3rd and 4th centurues). The pre-modern Arabic language was created by Nabateans, who developed the [[Nabataean alphabet]] which became the basis of modern [[Arabic script]]. The [[Nabataean Arabic|Nabataean language]], under heavy Arab influence, amalgamated into the [[Arabic language]]. |
| - | *[[Islamization of Iran|Islamization]] and [[Iranian Cultural Revolution|cultural revolution]] of Iran | + | |
| - | *[[Islamization of Palestine]], [[Islamization of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] and the [[Islamization of the Temple Mount|Temple Mount]] | + | |
| - | *[[Islamization of Syria]] | + | |
| - | *[[Islamization of Sudan]] | + | |
| - | ===By method=== | + | The Arab [[Ghassanid]]s were the last major non-Islamic Semitic migration northward out of [[Yemen]] in late classic era. They were [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox Christian]], and clients of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. They arrived in [[Theodorias (province)|Byzantine Syria]] which had a largely [[Aramean]] population. They initially settled in the [[Hauran]] region, eventually spreading to modern Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan, briefly securing governorship of parts of Syria and Transjordan away from the [[Nabataeans]]. |
| - | * [[Conversion to Islam in prisons]] | + | |
| - | * [[Islamic Missionary Activity]] | + | |
| + | The Arab [[Lakhmid]] Kingdom was founded by the Lakhum tribe that emigrated from [[Yemen]] in the 2nd century and ruled by the [[Banu Lakhm]], hence the name given it. They adopted the religion of the [[Church of the East]], founded in [[Assyria]]/[[Asōristān]], opposed to the Ghassanids Greek Orthodox Christianity, and were clients of the [[Sasanian Empire]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The Byzantines and Sasanians used the Ghassanids and Lakhmids to fight proxy wars in Arabia against each other. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | * [[Arab language]] | ||
| + | * [[Arabic script]] | ||
| + | * [[Arab nationalism]] | ||
| + | * [[Pan-Arabism]] | ||
| + | * [[Islamization]] | ||
| + | * [[Cultural assimilation]] | ||
| + | * [[Human rights in Rojava]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 15:54, 25 June 2017
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
Arabization or Arabisation (Template:Lang-ar Template:Transl) describes either the conquest of a non-Arab area and growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations, causing their gradual adoption of the Arabic language and/or their incorporation of Arab culture and Arab identity.Template:Citation needed The religion of Islam and the associated Islamist (government and society ordered in accordance with laws prescribed by Islam) socio-political order, with their central Quran text written in Arabic language and tailored for Arab culture, had a central role in Arabization, which usually went hand in hand with Islamization of conquered lands. Generally, elements of Arabian origin were combined in various forms with elements from conquered civilizations and ultimately denominated "Arab". Arabization also continued in modern times, most prominently being enforced by the Arab nationalist regimes of Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Mauritania, Algeria and Libya with policies which include expanding colonial Arab settlements, expulsion of non-Arab minorities and enforcement of Arab identity and culture upon non-Arab populations, in particular by means of not permitting autochthonous mother tongues other than Arabic in education. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, citing local witnesses, also claims that the aggressive persecution of non-Arab minorities by the terror group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is forced Arabization.
After the rise of Islam in the Hejaz, the Arabic culture and language were spread outside the Arabian peninsula through conquest, trade and intermarriages between members of the non-Arab local population and the peninsular Arabs. The Arabic language began to serve as a lingua franca in these areas and dialects were formed. Although Yemen is traditionally held to be the homeland of the Arabs, most of the Yemeni population in fact did not speak Arabic prior to the spread of Islam, but instead South Semitic languages. The influence of Arabic has also been profound in many other countries, whose cultures have been influenced by Islam. Arabic was a major source of vocabulary for various languages. This process reached its zenith in the 10th to the 14th centuries, the high point of Arab culture, and although many of Arabic words have since fallen out of use, many still remain.
Early Arab expansion in the Near East
Template:Unreferenced section After Alexander the Great, the Nabataean kingdom emerged and ruled a region extending from north of Arabia to the south of Syria. Nabateans were an amalgam of both Arabian and Aramean tribes, the former originating from the Arabian peninsula, who came under the influence of the earlier Aramaic culture, the neighbouring Hebrew culture of the Hasmonean kingdom, as well as the Hellenistic cultures in the region (especially with the Christianization of Nabateans in 3rd and 4th centurues). The pre-modern Arabic language was created by Nabateans, who developed the Nabataean alphabet which became the basis of modern Arabic script. The Nabataean language, under heavy Arab influence, amalgamated into the Arabic language.
The Arab Ghassanids were the last major non-Islamic Semitic migration northward out of Yemen in late classic era. They were Greek Orthodox Christian, and clients of the Byzantine Empire. They arrived in Byzantine Syria which had a largely Aramean population. They initially settled in the Hauran region, eventually spreading to modern Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan, briefly securing governorship of parts of Syria and Transjordan away from the Nabataeans.
The Arab Lakhmid Kingdom was founded by the Lakhum tribe that emigrated from Yemen in the 2nd century and ruled by the Banu Lakhm, hence the name given it. They adopted the religion of the Church of the East, founded in Assyria/Asōristān, opposed to the Ghassanids Greek Orthodox Christianity, and were clients of the Sasanian Empire.
The Byzantines and Sasanians used the Ghassanids and Lakhmids to fight proxy wars in Arabia against each other.
See also
- Arab language
- Arabic script
- Arab nationalism
- Pan-Arabism
- Islamization
- Cultural assimilation
- Human rights in Rojava
