April 20
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | ! style="text-align:right; width:310px;"| << [[April 19]] | ||
| + | ! style="width:125px;"| | ||
| + | ! style="text-align:left; width:310px;"| [[April 21]] >> | ||
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| == Events == | == Events == | ||
| - | ==Events== | + | *[[1939]] – [[Billie Holiday]] records the first civil rights song "[[Strange Fruit]]". |
| - | *[[1303]] – The [[Sapienza University of Rome]] is instituted by [[Pope Boniface VIII]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1453]] – The last naval battle in [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] history occurs, as three Genoese galleys escorting a Byzantine transport fight their way through the huge Ottoman blockade fleet and into the [[Golden Horn]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1534]] – [[Jacques Cartier]] begins the voyage during which he discovers Canada and [[Labrador]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1535]] – The [[Sun dog]] phenomenon observed over [[Stockholm]] and depicted in the famous painting ''[[Vädersolstavlan]]''. | + | |
| - | *[[1653]] – [[Oliver Cromwell]] dissolves the [[Rump Parliament]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1657]] – Admiral [[Robert Blake (admiral)|Robert Blake]] destroys a Spanish silver fleet under heavy fire at the [[Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1657)|Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife]]. | + | |
| - | * 1657 – [[Freedom of religion]] is granted to the [[Jew]]s of [[New Amsterdam]] (later New York City). | + | |
| - | *[[1689]] – The former king, [[James II of England]], now deposed, lays siege to [[Derry]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1752]] – Start of [[Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War]], a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740–57) | + | |
| - | *[[1770]] – The [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] king, [[Erekle II]], abandoned by his [[Russian Empire|Russian]] ally [[Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben|Count Totleben]], wins a victory over [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman forces]] at [[Battle of Aspindza|Aspindza]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1775]] – [[American Revolutionary War]]: the [[Siege of Boston]] begins, following the battles at [[Battles of Lexington and Concord|Lexington and Concord]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1789]] – President [[George Washington]] arrives in Philadelphia after his inauguration to elaborate welcome at Gray's Ferry just after noon [[first inauguration of George Washington]] | + | |
| - | *[[1792]] – France declares war against the "[[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|King of Hungary and Bohemia]]", the beginning of [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1809]] – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a [[First French Empire]] army led by [[Napoleon I of France]] at the [[Battle of Abensberg]] on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory. | + | |
| - | *[[1810]] – The Governor of [[Caracas]] declares independence from Spain. | + | |
| - | *[[1818]] – The case of ''[[Ashford v Thornton]]'' ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for [[trial by battle]] is upheld. | + | |
| - | *[[1828]] – [[René Caillié]] becomes the first non-Muslim to enter [[Timbouctou]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1836]] – [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] passes an act creating the [[Wisconsin Territory]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1861]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Robert E. Lee]] resigns his commission in the [[United States Army]] in order to command the forces of the state of [[Virginia]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1862]] – [[Louis Pasteur]] and [[Claude Bernard]] complete the experiment falsifying the theory of [[spontaneous generation]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1865]] – Astronomer [[Angelo Secchi|Pietro Angelo Secchi]] demonstrates the [[Secchi disk]], which measures water clarity, aboard [[Pope Pius IX]]'s yacht, the ''L'Immaculata Concezion''. | + | |
| - | *[[1871]] – The [[Civil Rights Act of 1871]] becomes law. | + | |
| - | *[[1876]] – The [[April Uprising]], a key point in modern Bulgarian history, leading to the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)|Russo-Turkish War]] and the liberation of Bulgaria from domination as an independent part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1884]] – [[Pope Leo XIII]] publishes the [[encyclical]] ''[[Humanum Genus]]''. | + | |
| - | <!-- Do NOT add the birth of Hitler - it is already in the births section--> | + | |
| - | *[[1902]] – [[Pierre Curie|Pierre]] and [[Maria Sklodowska-Curie|Marie Curie]] refine [[radium]] [[chloride]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1908]] – Opening day of competition in the [[New South Wales Rugby League]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1912]] – Opening day for [[baseball]]'s [[Tiger Stadium (Detroit)|Tiger Stadium]] in [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]], [[Michigan]], and [[Fenway Park]] in [[Boston]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1914]] – Nineteen men, women, and children die in the [[Ludlow Massacre]] during a [[Colorado]] coal-miner's strike. | + | |
| - | *[[1916]] – The [[Chicago Cubs]] play their first game at Weeghman Park (currently [[Wrigley Field]]), defeating the [[Cincinnati Reds]] 7–6 in 11 innings. | + | |
| - | *[[1918]] – [[Manfred von Richthofen]], aka The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day. | + | |
| - | *[[1922]] – The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] government creates [[South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast]] within [[Georgian SSR]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1926]] – [[Western Electric]] and [[Warner Bros.]] announce [[Vitaphone]], a process to add sound to film. | + | |
| - | *[[1939]] – [[Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday]] is celebrated as a national holiday in Nazi Germany. | + | |
| - | * 1939 – [[Billie Holiday]] records the first civil rights song "[[Strange Fruit]]". | + | |
| - | *[[1945]] – [[World War II]]: US troops capture [[Leipzig]], Germany, only to later cede the city to the [[Soviet Union]]. | + | |
| - | * 1945 – World War II: [[Führerbunker]]: [[Adolf Hitler]] makes his last trip to the surface to award [[Iron Cross]]es to boy soldiers of the [[Hitler Youth]]. | + | |
| - | * 1945 – Twenty Jewish children used in medical experiments at [[Neuengamme concentration camp|Neuengamme]] are killed in the basement of the [[Bullenhuser Damm]] school. | + | |
| - | *[[1946]] – The [[League of Nations]] officially dissolves, giving most of its power to the [[United Nations]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1951]] – [[Dan Gavriliu]] performs the first surgical replacement of a human organ. | + | |
| - | *[[1961]] – Failure of the [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]] of US-backed Cuban exiles against [[Cuba]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1964]] – [[BBC Two]] launches with a [[power cut]] because of the fire at [[Battersea Power Station]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1968]] – English politician [[Enoch Powell]] makes his controversial [[Rivers of Blood speech|''Rivers of Blood'' speech]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1972]] – [[Apollo 16]], commanded by [[John Young (astronaut)|John Young]], lands on the moon. | + | |
| - | *[[1978]] – [[Korean Air Lines Flight 902]] is shot down by the [[Soviet Union]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1980]] – Climax of [[Berber Spring]] in [[Algeria]] as hundreds of [[Berber people|Berber]] political activists are arrested. | + | |
| - | *[[1984]] – The [[Good Friday Massacre]], an extremely violent [[ice hockey]] playoff game, is played in [[Montreal]], Canada. | + | |
| - | *[[1985]] – The [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms|ATF]] raids [[The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord]] compound in northern [[Arkansas]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1986]] – Pianist [[Vladimir Horowitz]] performs in his native Russia for the first time in 61 years. | + | |
| - | *[[1998]] – German terrorist group the [[Red Army Faction]] announces their dissolution after 28 years. | + | |
| - | *[[1999]] – [[Columbine High School massacre]]: [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]] kill 13 people and injure 24 others before committing suicide at [[Columbine High School]] in [[Columbine, Colorado]]. | + | |
| - | *[[2007]] – [[Johnson Space Center shooting]]: William Phillips with a [[handgun]] barricades himself in [[NASA]]'s [[Johnson Space Center]] in [[Houston]], [[Texas]] before killing a male hostage and himself. | + | |
| - | *[[2008]] – [[Danica Patrick]] wins the [[Indy Japan 300]] becoming the first female driver in history to win an [[American Championship Car Racing|Indy car]] race. | + | |
| - | *[[2010]] – The [[Deepwater Horizon]] drilling rig [[Deepwater Horizon explosion|explodes]] in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven workers and beginning an [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|oil spill that would last six months]]. | + | |
| - | *[[2013]] – [[Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant]] Japan's last reactor is shut down at midnight. | + | |
| - | * 2013 – A 6.6-[[Moment magnitude scale|magnitude]] [[2013 Ya'an earthquake|earthquake]] strikes [[Lushan County, Sichuan|Lushan County]], [[Ya'an]], in China's [[Sichuan]] province, killing more than 150 people and injuring thousands. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| == Births == | == Births == | ||
| - | *[[1492]] - [[Pietro Aretino]] | + | *[[1492]] – [[Pietro Aretino]], Italian author, playwright, and poet (d. 1556) |
| - | *[[1807]] - [[Aloysius Bertrand]] introduced the [[prose poetry|prose poem]] into [[French literature]] and inspired [[Symbolist poetry|Symbolist poets]]. | + | *[[1807]] – [[Aloysius Bertrand]], French poet (d. 1841) |
| - | *[[1879]] - [[Paul Poiret]], French a couturier based in Paris before the First World War and during the [[Belle Epoque]]. | + | *[[1879]] – [[Paul Poiret]], French couturier (d. 1944) |
| - | *[[1889]] - [[Adolf Hitler]], [[failed artist]] and leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. | + | *[[1889]] – [[Adolf Hitler]], [[failed artist]] and leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (d. 1945) |
| - | *[[1901]] - [[Michel Leiris]], French surrealist writer and ethnographer. | + | *[[1901]] – [[Michel Leiris]], French surrealist writer and ethnographer (d. 1990) |
| - | *[[1914]] - [[Karel Thole]], Dutch painter and illustrator. | + | *[[1914]] – [[Karel Thole]], Dutch painter and illustrator (d. 2000) |
| == Deaths == | == Deaths == | ||
Current revision
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| << April 19 | April 21 >> | |
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[edit]
Events
- 1939 – Billie Holiday records the first civil rights song "Strange Fruit".
[edit]
Births
- 1492 – Pietro Aretino, Italian author, playwright, and poet (d. 1556)
- 1807 – Aloysius Bertrand, French poet (d. 1841)
- 1879 – Paul Poiret, French couturier (d. 1944)
- 1889 – Adolf Hitler, failed artist and leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (d. 1945)
- 1901 – Michel Leiris, French surrealist writer and ethnographer (d. 1990)
- 1914 – Karel Thole, Dutch painter and illustrator (d. 2000)
[edit]
Deaths
- 1912 – Bram Stoker, Irish author (b. 1847)
- 1991 – Don Siegel, American director and producer (b. 1912)
- 1992 – Benny Hill, English comedian and actor (b. 1924)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "April 20" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
