April 18  

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==Art and culture== ==Art and culture==
-*[[1025]] - [[Boleslaw I of Poland|Bolesław I the Brave]] was crowned in [[Gniezno]], becoming the first [[List of Polish monarchs|King]] of [[Poland]]. +*[[1521]] – Trial of [[Martin Luther]] begins its second day during the assembly of the [[Diet of Worms]]. He refuses to recant his [[Lutheranism|teachings]] despite the risk of excommunication.
-*[[1506]] - The [[cornerstone]] of the current [[St. Peter's Basilica]] is laid.+*[[1776]] - In a letter from the [[Marquis de Sade]] to his wife [[Renée-Pélagie de Montreuil]]:
-*[[1518]] - [[Bona Sforza]] is crowned as [[queen consort]] of [[Poland]].+:"I am in a tower closed in by nineteen iron doors, with light reaching me only through two little windows, each with a score of iron bars." --[[1776 April 18|[...]]]
-*[[1775]] - [[American Revolution]]: Two lanterns were hung in the steeple of the [[Old North Church]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], indicating [[Battles of Lexington and Concord|British advancement by sea]]; [[Paul Revere]], [[William Dawes]] and [[Samuel Prescott]] ride to warn of impending arrests of [[Samuel Adams]] and [[John Hancock]]. +*[[1980]] - [[Bob Marley]] gives a concert in [[Harare]], starting [[African reggae]].
-*[[1797]] - [[Battle of Neuwied (1797)|Battle of Neuwied]] - [[France|French]] victory against the [[Austria]]ns.+
-*[[1880]] - An [[Fujita scale|F4]] [[tornado]] strikes [[Marshfield, Missouri|Marshfield]], [[Missouri]], killing 99 people and injuring 100.+
-*[[1881]] - [[Billy the Kid]] escapes from his two jailers at the [[Lincoln County, New Mexico|Lincoln County]] jail in [[Mesilla]], [[New Mexico]], killing James Bell and Robert Ollinger before stealing a horse and riding out of town.+
-*[[1899]] - [[St. Andrew's Ambulance Association]] is granted a [[Royal Charter]] by [[Queen Victoria]].+
-*[[1906]] - An [[1906 San Francisco earthquake|earthquake]] with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 destroys much of [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], [[California]]. +
-* 1906 - The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' runs a front-page story on the [[Azusa Street Revival]], launching [[Pentecostalism]] as a worldwide movement.+
-*[[1909]] - [[Joan of Arc]] is beatified in [[Rome]].+
-*[[1915]] - [[France|French]] pilot [[Roland Garros (aviator)|Roland Garros]] was shot down and glided to a landing on the [[Germany|German]] side of the lines during [[World War I]]. +
-*[[1923]] - [[Yankee Stadium]], "The House that [[Babe Ruth|Ruth]] Built", opens.+
-*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: The [[Doolittle Raid]] on [[Tokyo]] occurs.+
-* 1942 - [[Pierre Laval]] becomes [[Prime Minister]] of [[Vichy France]].+
-*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]: "Operation Peacock", [[Isoroku Yamamoto]] is [[Death of Isoroku Yamamoto|killed]] when his aircraft is shot down by U.S. fighters over the [[Solomon Islands]].+
-*[[1945]] - Over 1,000 [[bomber|bombers]] attack the small island of [[Heligoland]], [[Germany]].+
-*[[1946]] - The [[League of Nations]] is dissolved.+
-*[[1949]] - The [[Republic of Ireland Act]] comes into force.+
-*[[1954]] - [[Gamal Abdal Nasser]] seizes power in [[Egypt]].+
-*[[1958]] - A [[United States|U.S.]] federal court rules that [[poet]] [[Ezra Pound]] be released from an [[insane asylum]].+
-*[[1961]] - [[Conferência das Organizações Nacionalistas das Colónias Portuguesas|CONCP]] is founded in [[Casablanca]] as a united front of [[African]] movements opposing [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colonial rule.+
-*[[1974]] - [[Prime Minister]] of [[Pakistan]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] inaugurates [[Lahore]] [[Dry port]].+
-* 1974 - [[Italy|Italian]] [[prosecutor]] Mario Sossi is kidnapped by the [[Red Brigades]].+
-*[[1980]] - The [[Republic]] of [[Zimbabwe]] (formerly [[Rhodesia]]) comes into being, with [[Canaan Banana]] as the country's first [[List of Presidents of Zimbabwe|President]].+
-*[[1983]] - A [[suicide bomber]] [[April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing|destroys the United States embassy]] in [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]], killing 63 people.+
-*[[1988]] - [[United States|U.S.]] launches [[Operation Praying Mantis]] against [[Iran]]ian naval forces in the largest naval battle since [[World War II]].+
-*[[1992]] - [[General]] [[Abdul Rashid Dostum]] revolted against [[President of Afghanistan|President]] [[Mohammad Najibullah]] of the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] and allied with [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]] to capture [[Kabul]].+
-*[[1993]] - [[President of Pakistan]], [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan]] dissolves the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] and dismisses Cabinet.+
-*[[1994]] - [[Richard Nixon]], former [[President of the United States]], suffers a stroke and dies four days later.+
-*[[1996]] - In [[Lebanon]], at least 106 civilians are killed when the [[Israel Defense Forces]] shell the [[UN]] compound at [[Qana Massacre|Quana]].+
-*[[1999]] - Hockey legend [[Wayne Gretzky]] played his last NHL game in New York against the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].+
-*[[2007]] - The US [[Supreme Court of the United States| Supreme Court]] upheld the [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]] in a 5-4 decision.+
-* 2007 - 32 [[China|Chinese]] [[steel]] workers burn to death in the [[Qinghe Special Steel Corporation disaster]].+
- +
==Births== ==Births==
*[[1480]] - [[Lucrezia Borgia]], Florentine ruler and daughter of [[Pope Alexander VI]] (d. [[1519]]) *[[1480]] - [[Lucrezia Borgia]], Florentine ruler and daughter of [[Pope Alexander VI]] (d. [[1519]])
*[[1580]] - [[Thomas Middleton]], English dramatist (d. [[1627]]) *[[1580]] - [[Thomas Middleton]], English dramatist (d. [[1627]])
-*[[1590]] - [[Ahmed I]], [[Ottoman Emperor]] (d. [[1617]])+*[[1648]] - [[Madame de Guyon]], French mystic (''A Short and Easy Method of Prayer'') (d. [[1717]])
-*[[1605]] - [[Giacomo Carissimi]], Italian composer (d. [[1674]])+*[[1901]] - [[Alexandre Alexeieff]], Russian-born animator (d. [[1982]])
-*[[1771]] - [[Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg]], Austrian field marshal (d. [[1820]])+*[[1904]] - [[Giuseppe Terragni]], Italian architect (d. [[1943]])
-*[[1772]] - [[David Ricardo]], English economist (d. [[1823]])+*[[1918]] - [[Gabriel Axel]], Danish director (''Babette's Feast'') (d. [[2014]])
-*[[1797]] - [[Adolphe Thiers]], French statesman (d. [[1877]])+*[[1918]] - [[André Bazin]], French film critic an theorist (d. [[1958]])
-*[[1819]] - [[Carlos Manuel de Céspedes]], Cuban Revolutionary (d. [[1874]])+*[[1925]] - [[Bob Kaufman]], American poet (d. [[1986]])
-*[[1819]] - [[Franz von Suppé]], Austrian composer (d. [[1895]])+
-*[[1838]] - [[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]], French scientist (d. [[1912]])+
-*[[1857]] - [[Clarence Darrow]], American attorney (d. [[1938]])+
-*[[1863]] - [[Leopold Graf Berchtold]], Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (d. [[1942]])+
-*[[1864]] - [[Richard Harding Davis]], American author (d. [[1916]])+
-*[[1874]] - [[Oskar Ernst Bernhardt]], German author (d. [[1941]])+
-*[[1877]] - [[Vicente Sotto]], Filipino patriot,Author of the "Sotto Law" ,The Press Freedom Law(RA 53),Father of Cebuano Literature +
-*[[1875]] - [[Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic]], Croatian writer (d. [[1938]])+
-*[[1880]] - [[Sam Crawford]], baseball player (d. [[1968]])+
-*[[1882]] - [[Leopold Stokowski]], Polish conductor (d. [[1977]])+
-*[[1888]] - [[Duffy Lewis]], baseball player (d. [[1979]])+
-*[[1893]] - [[Violette Morris]], French athlete (d. [[1944]])+
-*[[1897]] - [[Ardito Desio]], Italian topographer (d. [[2001]])+
-*[[1901]] - [[Al Lewis (lyricist)|Al Lewis]], American lyricist (d. [[1967]])+
-*[[1902]] - [[Giuseppe Pella]], [[Prime Minister of Italy]] (d. [[1981]])+
-* 1902 - [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], [[Hasidic Judaism]] leader (d. [[1994]])+
-*[[1904]] - [[Pigmeat Markham]], American comedian (d. [[1981]])+
-*[[1905]] - [[George H. Hitchings]], American scientist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1998]])+
-*[[1907]] - [[Miklós Rózsa]], Hungarian-born composer (d. [[1995]])+
-*[[1915]] - [[Joy Gresham]], American writer (d. [[1960]])+
-*[[1917]] - [[Ty LaForest]], Canadian baseball player (d. [[1947]])+
-* 1917 - [[Frederika of Hanover]], Queen Consort of Greece (d. [[1981]])+
-*[[1918]] - [[Cliff Hillegass]], American publisher (d. [[2001]])+
-* 1918 - [[Tony Mottola]], American guitarist (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1919]] - [[Virginia O'Brien]], American singer and actress (d. [[2001]])+
-*[[1921]] - [[Barbara Hale]], American actress+
-* 1921 - [[Jean Richard]], French actor (d. [[2001]])+
-*[[1924]] - [[Clarence Gatemouth Brown|Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown]], American musician (d. [[2005]])+
-* 1924 - [[Henry Hyde]], American politician (d. [[2007]])+
-*[[1927]] - [[Samuel P. Huntington]], American political scientist+
-*[[1930]] - [[Clive Revill]], New Zealand born actor+
-*[[1934]] - [[George Shirley]], American tenor+
-*[[1936]] - [[Tommy Ivo]], American race car driver+
-*[[1937]] - [[Jan Kaplický]], British architect of Czech origin+
-*[[1939]] - [[Ali Khamenei]], the [[Supreme Leader]] of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]]+
-* 1939 - [[Thomas J. Moyer]], American judge+
-*[[1940]] - [[Joseph L. Goldstein]], American scientist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel laureate]]+
-* 1940 - [[Mike Vickers]], British guitarist and saxophonist ([[Manfred Mann]])+
-*[[1942]] - [[Jochen Rindt]], German-Austrian race car driver and one-time [[F1]] ([[Posthumous recognition|posthumous]]) [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|world champion]] (d. [[1970]])+
-*[[1945]] - [[Margaret Hassan]], Irish-born aid worker (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1946]] - [[Hayley Mills]], English actress+
*[[1947]] - [[Kathy Acker]], American author (d. [[1997]]) *[[1947]] - [[Kathy Acker]], American author (d. [[1997]])
-* 1947 - [[Dorothy Lyman]], American actress 
-* 1947 - [[Herbert Mullin]], American serial killer 
-* 1947 - [[Cindy Pickett]], American actress 
* 1947 - [[James Woods]], American actor * 1947 - [[James Woods]], American actor
-*[[1949]] - [[Geoff Bodine]], American race car driver 
-*[[1950]] - [[Kenny Ortega]], American film and television producer and choreographer 
-*[[1951]] - [[Ricardo Fortaleza]], Australian-Filipino retired boxer 
-* 1951 - [[Pierre Pettigrew]], Canadian politician 
-*[[1953]] - [[Rick Moranis]], Canadian comedian 
-*[[1956]] - [[Anna Kathryn Holbrook]], American actress 
-* 1956 - [[Eric Roberts]], American actor 
-* 1956 - [[Melody Thomas Scott]], American actress 
-* 1956 - [[Poonam Dhillon]], Indian actress 
-*[[1958]] - [[Malcolm Marshall]], Barbadian [[West Indies cricket team|West Indies]] cricketer (d. [[1999]]) 
-*[[1961]] - [[Jane Leeves]], British actress 
-* 1961 - [[Steve Lombardi]], American professional wrestler 
-*[[1963]] - [[Eric McCormack]], Canadian actor 
-* 1963 - [[Conan O'Brien]], American comedian 
-*[[1964]] - [[Niall Ferguson]], British historian 
-* 1964 - [[Rithy Panh]], Cambodian film director  
-* 1964 - [[Jim Ellison]], singer/guitarist for the band Material Issue 
-*[[1965]] - [[Rob Stenders]], Dutch radio discjockey 
-*[[1966]] - [[Trine Hattestad]], Norwegian athlete 
-* 1966 - [[Valeri Kamensky]], Russian ice hockey player 
-*[[1967]] - [[Maria Bello]], American actress 
-*[[1968]] - [[Mary Birdsong]], American actress 
-* 1968 - [[David Hewlett]], English born Canadian actor 
-*[[1969]] - [[Princess Sayako]] of Japan 
-* 1969 - [[Keith R.A. DeCandido]], American author 
-*[[1970]] - [[Greg Eklund]], American musician ([[Everclear (band)|Everclear]]) 
-* 1970 - [[Rico Brogna]], American baseball player 
-*[[1971]] - [[Tamara Braun]], American actress 
-* 1971 - [[David Tennant]], Scottish actor 
-* 1971 - [[Oleg Petrov]], Russian ice hockey player 
-*[[1972]] - [[Eli Roth]], American film director 
-*[[1973]] - [[Derrick Brooks]], American football player 
-* 1973 - [[Haile Gebrselassie]], Ethiopian athlete 
-* 1973 - [[Brady Clark]], American baseball player 
-*[[1974]] - [[Mark Tremonti]], American musician 
-* 1974 - [[Millie Corretjer]], Puerto Rican singer 
-* 1974 - [[Edgar Wright]], British director 
-* 1975 - [[Mook]], American Nomad & General Good Guy 
-*[[1976]] - [[Melissa Joan Hart]], American actress 
-* 1976 - [[Fayray]], Japanese singer 
-* 1976 - [[Justin Ross]], American politician 
-*[[1977]] - [[Dan Lacouture]], NHL hockey player  
-*[[1979]] - [[Vahid Rahbani]], Iranian actor and director 
-* 1979 - [[Michael Bradley (basketball)|Michael Bradley]], American basketball player 
-* 1979 - [[Anthony Davidson]], British Formula One driver 
-* 1979 - [[Nuria Fergó]], Spanish singer 
-* 1979 - [[Matthew Upson]], English footballer 
-*[[1980]] - [[Robyn Regehr]], Canadian ice hockey player 
-*[[1981]] - [[Audrey Tang]], [[Republic of China|Taiwan]]ese software programmer 
-*[[1982]] - [[Marie-Élaine Thibert]], Canadian singer 
-*[[1983]] - [[Miguel Cabrera]], Venezuelan baseball player  
-*[[1984]] - [[America Ferrera]], American actress 
-*[[1985]] - [[Łukasz Fabiański]], Polish footballer 
-* 1985 - [[Karl Reindler]], Australian racing driver 
-*[[1987]] - [[Danny Guthrie]], English footballer 
-* 1987 - [[Sandra Lyng Haugen]], Norwegian singer 
-*[[1989]] - [[Alia Shawkat]], American actress 
-*[[1996]] - [[Alexey Zhigalkovich]], Belarusian Singer (Winner of the [[2007 Junior Eurovision Song Contest]]) 
-*[[2007]] - [[Hayah bint Hamzah]], Princess of Jordan 
-* 2007 - [[Prince Lerotholi Seeiso]], son of King [[Letsie III of Lesotho]] 
-<!-- 
-Do not add your own name or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. 
-Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. 
-Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence. 
---> 
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-*[[1161]] - [[Theobald of Bec]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] 
-*[[1552]] - [[John Leland]], English antiquarian (b. [[1502]]) 
-*[[1556]] - [[Luigi Alamanni]], Italian poet (b. [[1495]]) 
-*[[1567]] - [[Wilhelm von Grumbach]], German adventurer (b. [[1503]]) 
-*[[1558]] - [[Roxelana]], wife of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] 
-*[[1636]] - [[Julius Caesar (judge)|Julius Caesar]], English judge 
-*[[1650]] - [[Simonds d'Ewes]], English antiquarian (b. [[1602]]) 
-*[[1674]] - [[John Graunt]], English statistician (b. [[1620]]) 
-*[[1689]] - [[George Jeffreys]], British Chief Justice (b. [[1648]]) 
-*[[1732]] - [[Louis Feuillée]], French explorer (b. [[1660]]) 
-*[[1794]] - [[Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden]], Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. [[1714]]) 
-*[[1796]] - [[Johan Wilcke]], Swedish physicist (b. [[1732]]) 
*[[1802]] - [[Erasmus Darwin]], English physician and botanist (b. [[1731]]) *[[1802]] - [[Erasmus Darwin]], English physician and botanist (b. [[1731]])
-*[[1873]] - [[Justus von Liebig]], German chemist (b. [[1803]]) 
*[[1898]] - [[Gustave Moreau]], French painter (b. [[1826]]) *[[1898]] - [[Gustave Moreau]], French painter (b. [[1826]])
-*[[1906]] - [[Luis Martín]], Spanish Superior-General of the Society of Jesus (b. [[1846]]) 
-*[[1917]] - [[Vladimir Serbsky]], Russian psychiatrist (b. [[1858]]) 
-*[[1935]] - [[Panait Istrati]], Romanian writer (b. [[1884]]) 
-*[[1936]] - [[Ottorino Respighi]], Italian composer (b. [[1879]]) 
-*[[1942]] - [[Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney]], American socalite (b. [[1875]]) 
-*[[1943]] - [[Isoroku Yamamoto]], Japanese admiral. (b. [[1884]]) 
-*[[1945]] - [[John Ambrose Fleming]], English physicist and engineer (b. [[1849]]) 
-* 1945 - [[Ernie Pyle]], American journalist (b. [[1900]]) 
-*1945 - [[William, Prince of Albania|Prince William of Wied]], sovereign Prince of Albania (b.[[1876]])  
-*[[1947]] - [[Josef Tiso]], Slovakian leader (b. [[1887]]) 
*[[1955]] - [[Albert Einstein]], [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1879]]) *[[1955]] - [[Albert Einstein]], [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1879]])
-*[[1958]] - [[Maurice Gamelin]], French general (b. [[1872]])+*[[1991]] - [[Martin Hannett]], British record producer (Joy Division) (b. [[1948]])
-*[[1964]] - [[Ben Hecht]], American writer (b. [[1894]])+*[[1995]] - [[Bernard Edwards]], American record producer (b. [[1952]])
-*[[1965]] - [[Guillermo González Camarena]], Mexican inventor (b. [[1917]])+{{GFDL}}
-*[[1967]] - [[Karl Miller (footballer)|Karl Miller]], German footballer (b. [[1913]])+
-*[[1974]] - [[Marcel Pagnol]], French novelist, playwright and filmmaker (b. [[1895]])+
-*[[1976]] - [[Mahmoud Younis]], [[Suez Canal]] nationalization Engineer (b. [[1911]])+
-*[[1990]] - [[Gory Guerrero]], professional wrestler (b. [[1921]])+
-*[[1993]] - [[Masahiko Kimura]], Japanese judoka (b. [[1917]])+
-*[[1995]] - [[Arturo Frondizi]], President of [[Argentina]] (b. [[1908]])+
-* 1996 - [[Brook Berringer]], American football player (b. [[1973]])+
-* 1996 - [[Bernard Edwards]], American record producer (b. [[1952]])+
-*[[1998]] - [[Terry Sanford]], American politician (b. [[1917]])+
-*[[2002]] - [[Thor Heyerdahl]], Norwegian explorer (b. [[1914]])+
-* 2002 - [[Wahoo McDaniel]], American football player and professional wrestler (b. [[1938]])+
-*[[2003]] - [[Edgar F. Codd]], English computer scientist (b. [[1923]])+
-*[[2004]] - [[Kamisese Mara|Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara]], first [[Prime Minister of Fiji]] and [[President of Fiji]] (b. [[1920]])+
-*[[2005]] - [[Sam Mills]], American football player (b. [[1959]])+
-*[[2007]] - [[Iccho Itoh]], mayor of [[Nagasaki]] (b. [[1945]])+
- +
- +
-[[1776]], April 18: In a letter from the [[Marquis de Sade]] to his wife: +
-:I am in a tower closed in by nineteen iron doors, with light reaching me only through two little windows, each with a score of iron bars. He complains that in over the two months he has been in prison he has been allowed only five walks of one hour each, in a sort of tomb about fourty feet square surrounded by walls more than fifty feet high ...--source unidentified+
- +
-== Births ==+
-Philip II of Macedon[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon], father of [[Alexander the Great]] (382 BC, April 18). In 350 BC he leaves on a military expedition, taking with him 800 boys to be used for the pleasure of himself and his officers. --[http://www.backdrop.net/bdsm-history/timeline.html A Complete Alternative Sexuality History Timeline]+
- +
-[[Gustave Moreau]] (April 6, 1826 – April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. He was born and died in Paris. Moreau's main focus was the illustration of ...+
- +
-[[André Bazin]]+
-André Bazin (April 18, 1918 - November 11, 1958) was a famous critic of the French New Wave (circa 1958-62) who worked closely with Jean-Luc Godard and ...+
- +
-[[Kathy Acker]] (April 18, 1947 in Manhattan—November 30, 1997 in Tijuana, Mexico) was an experimental novelist, prose stylist, playwright, essayist, ...+
- +
-[[James Woods]] (born April 18, 1947) is an American actor. Born in Vernal, Utah, he grew up in Warwick, Rhode Island where he attended Pilgrim High ...+
- +
-== Deaths ==+
-[[Martin Hannett]] (May 1948 - April 18, 1991) was an innovative record producer, closely associated with Joy Division and Factory Records. ...+

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