Addiction  

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-[[Image:Ill-Matched Lovers (Quentin Matsys).jpg |thumb|left|200px|''[[Ill-Matched Lovers (Quentin Matsys)|Ill-Matched Lovers]]'' (c. 1520/1525) by [[Quentin Matsys]]]]+[[Image:Morphine.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Morphine]]'' (1894) by Santiago Rusiñol]]
-[[Image:L'Absinthe (1876) - Edgar Degas.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[L'Absinthe]]'' ([[1876]]) - [[Edgar Degas]]]]+{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"It takes at least three months’ shooting twice a day to get any [[Substance dependence|habit]] at all. And you don’t really know what junk sickness is until you have had several habits. It took me almost six months to get my first habit, and then the [[Drug withdrawal|withdrawal symptoms]] were mild. I think it no exaggeration to say it takes about a year and several hundred injections to make an [[addiction|addict]]." --preface to ''[[Junkie (novel)|Junkie]]'', William S. Burroughs
 +<hr>
 +"It has dawned on me that [[masturbation]] is the one major habit, the ‘primal addiction’ and that it is only as a substitute and replacement for it that the other addictions – for alcohol, morphine, tobacco, etc., – come into existence." ([[Freud, 1897]]:272)
 +|}
 +[[Image:L'Absinthe (1876) - Edgar Degas.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[L'Absinthe]]'' (1876) by Edgar Degas]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-'''Addiction''' is a chronic or recurrent condition proposed to be precipitated by one or more of the following: [[genetics|genetic]], [[biology|biological]]/[[pharmacology|pharmacological]] and [[sociology|social]] factors. Addiction is characterized by the [[compulsive]] use of [[substance]]s or engagement of [[behavior]]s despite clear evidence to the user of consequent [[morbidity]] and/or other harmful effects.+'''Addiction''' is the continued [[repetition]] of a [[behavior]] despite [[adverse]] [[consequence]]s, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors.
 + 
 +Addictions can include, but are not limited to, [[drug abuse]], [[sexual addiction]], [[computer addiction]] and [[gambling]]. Classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired [[control]] over [[substance]]s or [[behavior]], preoccupation with substance or behavior, continued use despite consequences, and [[denial]]. [[Habit]]s and [[pattern]]s associated with addiction are typically characterized by [[immediate gratification]] (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs).
 + 
 +[[Physiological dependence]] occurs when the body has to adjust to the substance by incorporating the substance into its 'normal' functioning. This state creates the conditions of [[drug tolerance|tolerance]] and [[Drug withdrawal|withdrawal]]. Tolerance is the process by which the body continually adapts to the substance and requires increasingly larger amounts to achieve the original effects. Withdrawal refers to physical and psychological symptoms experienced when reducing or discontinuing a substance that the body has become dependent on. Symptoms of withdrawal generally include but are not limited to [[anxiety]], [[irritability]], intense [[craving (withdrawal)|craving]]s for the substance, [[nausea]], [[hallucinations]], [[headaches]], [[cold sweat]]s, and [[tremors]].
 +==Etymology==
 +From ''addict'' +‎ ''-ion''; compare (Latin) ''[[addictio]]'' (“an adjudging, an award”)
 + 
== See also == == See also ==
 +*[[Addictive behavior]]
 +*[[Addictive personality]]
 +*[[Disease model of addiction]]
*[[Drugs]] *[[Drugs]]
*[[Behavioral addiction]] *[[Behavioral addiction]]
 +*[[Substance dependence]]
 +*[[Toxicomania]]
 +*[[The medical "discovery" of addiction]]
 +
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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Morphine (1894) by Santiago Rusiñol
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Morphine (1894) by Santiago Rusiñol

"It takes at least three months’ shooting twice a day to get any habit at all. And you don’t really know what junk sickness is until you have had several habits. It took me almost six months to get my first habit, and then the withdrawal symptoms were mild. I think it no exaggeration to say it takes about a year and several hundred injections to make an addict." --preface to Junkie, William S. Burroughs


"It has dawned on me that masturbation is the one major habit, the ‘primal addiction’ and that it is only as a substitute and replacement for it that the other addictions – for alcohol, morphine, tobacco, etc., – come into existence." (Freud, 1897:272)

L'Absinthe (1876) by Edgar Degas
Enlarge
L'Absinthe (1876) by Edgar Degas

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Addiction is the continued repetition of a behavior despite adverse consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors.

Addictions can include, but are not limited to, drug abuse, sexual addiction, computer addiction and gambling. Classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired control over substances or behavior, preoccupation with substance or behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial. Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs).

Physiological dependence occurs when the body has to adjust to the substance by incorporating the substance into its 'normal' functioning. This state creates the conditions of tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is the process by which the body continually adapts to the substance and requires increasingly larger amounts to achieve the original effects. Withdrawal refers to physical and psychological symptoms experienced when reducing or discontinuing a substance that the body has become dependent on. Symptoms of withdrawal generally include but are not limited to anxiety, irritability, intense cravings for the substance, nausea, hallucinations, headaches, cold sweats, and tremors.

Etymology

From addict +‎ -ion; compare (Latin) addictio (“an adjudging, an award”)

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Addiction" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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