A Universal History of Infamy  

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 +'''''A Universal History of Infamy''''', or '''''A Universal History of Iniquity''''' (original [[Spanish language|Spanish]] title: '''''Historia universal de la infamia'''''), is a collection of [[short stories]] by [[Jorge Luis Borges]], first published in 1935, and revised by the author in 1954. Most were published individually in the newspaper ''Critica'' between 1933 and 1934. Angel Flores, the first to use the term "[[magical realism]]", set the beginning of the movement with this book.
-A '''fantasy map''' is type of [[map design]] that is a visual representation of an [[imaginary]] or [[fictional geography]]. While some ''fantasy maps'' accompany works of [[fiction]] and are considered fictional maps, ''fantasy maps'' are created to show imaginary places and are not necessarily included in works of literary [[fiction]]. Depending on the completeness and complexity of the map, the depiction of geographical components can range from simple drawings of a small area as in [[The Twenty-One Balloons]] by [[William Pene du Bois]] to an entire fictional world as in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' by [[Tolkien]] to even an entire galaxy as in [[Star Trek]]. ''Fantasy maps'' can also include abstract works of art, combine existing cartographic information to present an imaginary location, or combine existing cartographic information to show a different perspective of a location.+The stories (except ''Hombre de la esquina rosada'') are fictionalised accounts of [[real criminal]]s. The sources are listed at the end of the book, but Borges makes many alterations in the retelling—arbitrary or otherwise—particularly to dates and names, so the accounts cannot be relied upon as historical. In particular, ''The Disinterested Killer'' diverges from its source material.
-==In popular culture==+Two English translations exist, the first from 1972 and the second from 1999 (part of a collected edition, published as a separate book in 2004). The 1972 English edition (''A Universal History of Infamy'', ISBN 0-525-47546-X) was translated by [[Norman Thomas di Giovanni]]. The 2004 English edition (''A Universal History of Iniquity'', ISBN 0-14-243789-1), translated by [[Andrew Hurley (academic)|Andrew Hurley]], was published by [[The Penguin Classics Library Complete Collection|Penguin Classics]], a division of British publisher [[Penguin Books]].
-* [[Lewis Carroll]]'s ''[[Sylvie and Bruno Concluded]]'' tells of a fantasy map that had "the scale of a mile to the mile." + 
-* [[Jorge Luis Borges]] wrote a short story about a map made to 1:1 scale. It is an homage to Lewis Carroll's work mentioned above. The story, "[[On Exactitude in Science]]", is located in a collection called, ''[[A Universal History of Infamy]]''. +Borges was reluctant to authorise a translation. In his preface to the 1954 edition, Borges distanced himself somewhat from the book, which he gave as an example of the ''baroque'', "when art flaunts and squanders its resources"; he wrote that the stories are "the irresponsible sport of a shy sort of man who could not bring himself to write short stories, and so amused himself by changing and distorting (sometimes without aesthetic justification) the stories of other men" and that "under all the storm and lightning, there is nothing."
-* [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s [[Middle-earth]] is a renowned example of a fantasy map.+ 
-* [[Nikolas Schiller]]'s [[kaleidoscope|kaleidoscopic]] [[aerial photography]] of urban areas+==Contents==
 +{| class="wikitable"
 +!Original Spanish title!! English (1972) !! English (2004) !! Central characters
 +|-
 +|''El atroz redentor Lazarus Morell'' || ''The Dread Redeemer Lazarus Morell'' || ''The Cruel Redeemer Lazarus Morell'' || [[John Murrell (bandit)|John Murrell]]
 +|-
 +|''El impostor inverosímil Tom Castro'' || ''Tom Castro, the Implausible Imposter'' || ''The Improbable Imposter Tom Castro'' || [[Tichborne Case|Arthur Orton]]
 +|-
 +|''La viuda Ching, pirata'' || ''The Widow Ching, Lady Pirate'' || ''The Widow Ching – Pirate'' || [[Ching Shih]]
 +|-
 +|''El proveedor de iniquidades Monk Eastman'' || ''Monk Eastman, Purveyor of Iniquities'' || ''Monk Eastman, Purveyor of Iniquities'' || [[Monk Eastman]]
 +|-
 +|''El asesino desinteresado Bill Harrigan'' || ''The Disinterested Killer Bill Harrigan'' || ''The Disinterested Killer Bill Harrigan'' || [[Billy the Kid]]
 +|-
 +|''El incivil maestro de ceremonias Kotsuké no Suké'' || ''The Insulting Master of Etiquette Kôtsuké no Suké'' || ''The Uncivil Teacher of Court Etiquette Kôtsuké no Suké'' || [[Kira Yoshinaka]]
 +|-
 +|''El tintorero enmascarado Hákim de Merv'' || ''The Masked Dyer, Hakim of Merv'' || ''Hakim, the Masked Dyer of Merv'' || [[Al-Muqanna]]
 +|-
 +|''Hombre de la esquina rosada'' || ''Streetcorner Man'' || ''Man on Pink Corner''
 +|-valign="top"
 +|''Etcétera'' || ''Et cetera'' || ''Et cetera''
 +|-
 +|''Un teólogo en la muerte'' || ''A Theologian in Death'' || ''A Theologian in Death'' || [[Philipp Melanchthon]]
 +|-
 +|''La cámara de las estatuas'' || ''The Chamber of Statues'' || ''The Chamber of Statues''
 +|-
 +|''Historia de los dos que soñaron'' || ''Tale of the Two Dreamers'' || ''The Story of the Two Dreamers''
 +|-
 +|''[[El brujo postergado]]'' || ''The Wizard Postponed'' || ''The Wizard that was Made to Wait''
 +|-
 +|''El espejo de tinta'' || ''The Mirror of Ink'' || ''The Mirror of Ink''
 +|-
 +|''Un doble de Mahoma'' (added 1954) || ''A Double for Mohammed'' || ''Mahomed's Double''
 +|-
 +|''El enemigo generoso'' (added 1954) || ''The Generous Enemy'' || ''The Generous Enemy''
 +|-
 +|''Del rigor en la ciencia'' (added 1954) || ''On Exactitude in Science'' || ''[[On Exactitude in Science]]''
 +|}
==See also== ==See also==
-; Map design and types+*[[Infamy]]
-* [[Aeronautical chart]]+*[[Bibliography of Jorge Luis Borges]]
-* [[Cartogram]]+
-* [[Compass rose]]+
-* [[Contour line|Contour map]]+
-* [[Dymaxion map]]+
-* [[Estate map]]+
-* [[Floor plan]]+
-* [[Geologic map]]+
-* [[Cartography|Map design]]+
-* [[Nautical chart]]+
-*[[Pictorial maps]]+
-*[[Planform]]+
-*[[Plat]]+
-*[[Reversed map]]+
-*[[Road atlas]]+
-*[[Street map]]+
-*[[Thematic map]]+
-*[[Topographic map]]+
-*[[World map]]+
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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A Universal History of Infamy, or A Universal History of Iniquity (original Spanish title: Historia universal de la infamia), is a collection of short stories by Jorge Luis Borges, first published in 1935, and revised by the author in 1954. Most were published individually in the newspaper Critica between 1933 and 1934. Angel Flores, the first to use the term "magical realism", set the beginning of the movement with this book.

The stories (except Hombre de la esquina rosada) are fictionalised accounts of real criminals. The sources are listed at the end of the book, but Borges makes many alterations in the retelling—arbitrary or otherwise—particularly to dates and names, so the accounts cannot be relied upon as historical. In particular, The Disinterested Killer diverges from its source material.

Two English translations exist, the first from 1972 and the second from 1999 (part of a collected edition, published as a separate book in 2004). The 1972 English edition (A Universal History of Infamy, ISBN 0-525-47546-X) was translated by Norman Thomas di Giovanni. The 2004 English edition (A Universal History of Iniquity, ISBN 0-14-243789-1), translated by Andrew Hurley, was published by Penguin Classics, a division of British publisher Penguin Books.

Borges was reluctant to authorise a translation. In his preface to the 1954 edition, Borges distanced himself somewhat from the book, which he gave as an example of the baroque, "when art flaunts and squanders its resources"; he wrote that the stories are "the irresponsible sport of a shy sort of man who could not bring himself to write short stories, and so amused himself by changing and distorting (sometimes without aesthetic justification) the stories of other men" and that "under all the storm and lightning, there is nothing."

Contents

Original Spanish title English (1972) English (2004) Central characters
El atroz redentor Lazarus Morell The Dread Redeemer Lazarus Morell The Cruel Redeemer Lazarus Morell John Murrell
El impostor inverosímil Tom Castro Tom Castro, the Implausible Imposter The Improbable Imposter Tom Castro Arthur Orton
La viuda Ching, pirata The Widow Ching, Lady Pirate The Widow Ching – Pirate Ching Shih
El proveedor de iniquidades Monk Eastman Monk Eastman, Purveyor of Iniquities Monk Eastman, Purveyor of Iniquities Monk Eastman
El asesino desinteresado Bill Harrigan The Disinterested Killer Bill Harrigan The Disinterested Killer Bill Harrigan Billy the Kid
El incivil maestro de ceremonias Kotsuké no Suké The Insulting Master of Etiquette Kôtsuké no Suké The Uncivil Teacher of Court Etiquette Kôtsuké no Suké Kira Yoshinaka
El tintorero enmascarado Hákim de Merv The Masked Dyer, Hakim of Merv Hakim, the Masked Dyer of Merv Al-Muqanna
Hombre de la esquina rosada Streetcorner Man Man on Pink Corner
Etcétera Et cetera Et cetera
Un teólogo en la muerte A Theologian in Death A Theologian in Death Philipp Melanchthon
La cámara de las estatuas The Chamber of Statues The Chamber of Statues
Historia de los dos que soñaron Tale of the Two Dreamers The Story of the Two Dreamers
El brujo postergado The Wizard Postponed The Wizard that was Made to Wait
El espejo de tinta The Mirror of Ink The Mirror of Ink
Un doble de Mahoma (added 1954) A Double for Mohammed Mahomed's Double
El enemigo generoso (added 1954) The Generous Enemy The Generous Enemy
Del rigor en la ciencia (added 1954) On Exactitude in Science On Exactitude in Science

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "A Universal History of Infamy" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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