20th-century music
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | :''[[industrial revolution]]'' | ||
| - | '''''The Art of Noises (L'arte dei Rumori)''''' is a [[futurism (art)|Futurist]] manifesto, written by [[Luigi Russolo]] in a 1913 letter to friend and Futurist composer [[Francesco Balilla Pratella]]. In it, Russolo argues that the human ear has become accustomed to the speed, energy, and [[noise]] of the [[urban]] [[industrial]] [[soundscape]]; furthermore, this new sonic palette requires a new approach to musical instrumentation and composition. He proposes a number of conclusions about how [[electronics]] and other technology will allow futurist musicians to "substitute for the limited variety of timbres that the orchestra possesses today the infinite variety of timbres in noises, reproduced with appropriate mechanisms". | ||
| - | ''The Art of Noises'' is considered to be one of the most important and influential texts in [[20th century music]]al aesthetics. It was published on [[March 11]] [[1913]]. | + | A revolution occurred in '''20th century [[music]]''' listening as the [[radio]] gained popularity worldwide, and new media and technologies were developed to record, capture, reproduce and distribute music. Because music was no longer limited to concerts and clubs, it became possible for music artists to quickly gain fame nationwide and sometimes [[worldwide]]. Conversely, audiences were able to be exposed to a wider range of music than ever before, giving rise to the phenomenon of [[world music]]. Music performances became increasingly visual with the broadcast and recording of [[music video]]s and concerts. Music of all kinds also became increasingly portable. [[Headphone]]s allowed people sitting next to each other to listen to entirely different performances or share the same performance. [[Copyright]] laws were strengthened, but new technologies also made it easier to record and reproduce copyrighted music illegally. |
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| + | 20th century music brought new freedom and wide experimentation with new musical styles and forms that challenged the accepted rules of music of earlier periods. The invention of electronic instruments and the [[synthesizer]] in the mid-20th century revolutionized popular music and accelerated the development of new forms of music. Eastern, Middle-Eastern, Latin and Western sounds began to mix in some forms. Faster modes of transportation allowed musicians and fans to travel more widely to perform or listen. Amplification permitted giant concerts to be heard by those with the least expensive tickets, and the inexpensive reproduction and transmission or broadcast of music gave rich and poor alike nearly equal access to high quality music performances. | ||
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| - | In the [[manifesto]], Russolo stated that the had given modern men a greater capacity to appreciate more complex sounds. Russolo found traditional melodic music confining and envisioned [[noise music]] as its future replacement. He designed and constructed a number of noise-generating devices called ''[[Intonarumori]]'' and assembled a noise orchestra to perform with them. A performance of his ''[[Gran Concerto Futuristico]]'' ([[1917]]) was met with strong disapproval and violence from the audience, as Russolo himself had predicted. None of his intoning devices have survived, though recently some have been reconstructed and used in performances. | ||
| - | == See also == | ||
| - | *[[Art of Noise]] | ||
| - | == External links == | ||
| - | *[http://www.obsolete.com/120_years/machines/futurist/art_of_noise.html Manifesto] | ||
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Revision as of 19:05, 18 August 2008
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A revolution occurred in 20th century music listening as the radio gained popularity worldwide, and new media and technologies were developed to record, capture, reproduce and distribute music. Because music was no longer limited to concerts and clubs, it became possible for music artists to quickly gain fame nationwide and sometimes worldwide. Conversely, audiences were able to be exposed to a wider range of music than ever before, giving rise to the phenomenon of world music. Music performances became increasingly visual with the broadcast and recording of music videos and concerts. Music of all kinds also became increasingly portable. Headphones allowed people sitting next to each other to listen to entirely different performances or share the same performance. Copyright laws were strengthened, but new technologies also made it easier to record and reproduce copyrighted music illegally.
20th century music brought new freedom and wide experimentation with new musical styles and forms that challenged the accepted rules of music of earlier periods. The invention of electronic instruments and the synthesizer in the mid-20th century revolutionized popular music and accelerated the development of new forms of music. Eastern, Middle-Eastern, Latin and Western sounds began to mix in some forms. Faster modes of transportation allowed musicians and fans to travel more widely to perform or listen. Amplification permitted giant concerts to be heard by those with the least expensive tickets, and the inexpensive reproduction and transmission or broadcast of music gave rich and poor alike nearly equal access to high quality music performances.
