1918
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| * [[February 6]] – [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom]]: [[Representation of the People Act 1918|Representation of the People Act]] gives most women over 30 the vote. | * [[February 6]] – [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom]]: [[Representation of the People Act 1918|Representation of the People Act]] gives most women over 30 the vote. | ||
| * [[March 26]] – Dr. [[Marie Stopes]] publishes her influential book ''[[Married Love]]'' in the U.K. | * [[March 26]] – Dr. [[Marie Stopes]] publishes her influential book ''[[Married Love]]'' in the U.K. | ||
| - | * [[July 17]] – [[Execution of the Romanov family]]: By order of the [[Bolshevik Party]] and carried out by the [[Cheka]], former emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]], his wife [[Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)|Alexandra Feodorovna]], their children, [[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia|Olga]], [[Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia|Tatiana]], [[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899–1918)|Maria]], [[Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia|Anastasia]], and [[Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia|Alexei]], and retainers are shot at the [[Ipatiev House]] in [[Yekaterinburg|Ekaterinburg, Russia]]. | + | * [[July 17]] – [[Execution of the Romanov family]] by order of the [[Bolshevik Party]] |
| * [[August 30]] - In response to the [[October Revolution]] in Russia, [[Vladimir Lenin]] is shot and wounded by [[Fanny Kaplan]] in Moscow, but survives. | * [[August 30]] - In response to the [[October Revolution]] in Russia, [[Vladimir Lenin]] is shot and wounded by [[Fanny Kaplan]] in Moscow, but survives. | ||
| - | * [[November 11]] - End of [[World War I|WWI]] and [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)]]: Germany signs an [[armistice]] agreement with the Allies between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM in Marshal [[Ferdinand Foch|Foch]]'s railroad car in [[Compiègne Forest]] in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. | + | * [[November 11]] - End of [[World War I|WWI]] and [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)]] |
| + | == Art and culture == | ||
| + | *End of [[World War I]] | ||
| + | *Start of [[Weimar Republic]] | ||
| + | *[[March 23]] - [[Dada Manifesto (1918) by Tristan Tzara|Dada Manifesto]] by Tristan Tzara | ||
| + | *In February 1918, [[Richard Huelsenbeck]] gave his first Dada speech in Berlin, and produced a [[Dada manifesto]] later in the year | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Film== | ||
| + | *''[[Es werde Licht!]]'' by Richard Oswald | ||
| + | == Literature == | ||
| + | ===Fiction=== | ||
| + | *''[[Casanova's Homecoming]]'' by Arthur Schnitzler | ||
| + | ===Poetry=== | ||
| + | *''[[Twenty-Five Poems]]'' by Tzara | ||
| + | *''[[Calligrammes]]'' by Guillaume Apollinaire | ||
| + | ===Non-fiction=== | ||
| + | *''[[The Decline of the West]]'' by Oswald Spengler, first volume published | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Visual arts == | ||
| + | *First version of ''[[L.H.O.O.Q.]]'' | ||
| + | *[[Red and Blue Chair]] by Gerrit Rietveld | ||
| + | *''[[White on White]]'' by Kazimir Malevich | ||
| == Births == | == Births == | ||
| Line 21: | Line 42: | ||
| * [[April 16]] – [[Spike Milligan]], Irish comedian (d. [[2002]]) | * [[April 16]] – [[Spike Milligan]], Irish comedian (d. [[2002]]) | ||
| * [[April 18]] - [[Gabriel Axel]], Danish film director (d. [[2014]]) | * [[April 18]] - [[Gabriel Axel]], Danish film director (d. [[2014]]) | ||
| + | * April 18 – [[André Bazin]], French film critic and theorist (d. 1958) | ||
| + | * [[April 23]] – [[James Kirkup]], a prolific English poet, translator and travel writer (d. 2009) | ||
| * [[July 14]] - [[Ingmar Bergman]], Swedish film director (d. [[2007]]) | * [[July 14]] - [[Ingmar Bergman]], Swedish film director (d. [[2007]]) | ||
| + | * [[August 9]] – [[Robert Aldrich]], American film director (d. 1983) | ||
| * [[August 25]] – [[Leonard Bernstein]], American composer and conductor (d. [[1990]]) | * [[August 25]] – [[Leonard Bernstein]], American composer and conductor (d. [[1990]]) | ||
| + | * [[September 24]] – [[Richard Hoggart]], British academic (d. 2004) | ||
| * [[October 16]] – [[Louis Althusser]], French philosopher (d. [[1990]]) | * [[October 16]] – [[Louis Althusser]], French philosopher (d. [[1990]]) | ||
| * [[October 17]] – [[Rita Hayworth]], American actress (d. [[1987]]) | * [[October 17]] – [[Rita Hayworth]], American actress (d. [[1987]]) | ||
| * [[December 11]] – [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]], Russian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2008]]) | * [[December 11]] – [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]], Russian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2008]]) | ||
| + | ==Deaths== | ||
| * [[March 25]] - [[Claude Debussy]], French composer (b. [[1862]]) | * [[March 25]] - [[Claude Debussy]], French composer (b. [[1862]]) | ||
| * [[April 18]] – [[Otto Wagner]], Austro-Hungarian architect and urban planner (b. [[1841]]) | * [[April 18]] – [[Otto Wagner]], Austro-Hungarian architect and urban planner (b. [[1841]]) | ||
| * [[June 27]] – [[Joséphin Péladan]], French occultist (b. [[1858]]) | * [[June 27]] – [[Joséphin Péladan]], French occultist (b. [[1858]]) | ||
| * [[September 28]] - [[Georg Simmel]], German sociologist and philosopher (b. [[1858]]) | * [[September 28]] - [[Georg Simmel]], German sociologist and philosopher (b. [[1858]]) | ||
| + | * [[October 31]] - [[Egon Schiele]], Austrian artist (b. [[1890]]) | ||
| * [[November 9]] - [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], French poet (b. [[1880]]) | * [[November 9]] - [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], French poet (b. [[1880]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Albert Ballin]], German-Jewish shipping magnate (b. [[1857]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Peter Lumsden]], British general in Indian army (b. [[1829]]) | ||
| - | * [[November 11]] – [[George Lawrence Price]], Last Commonwealth soldier to die in WWI (b. [[1892]]) | ||
| - | * [[November 19]] – [[Joseph F. Smith|Joseph Fielding Smith]], American Mormon leader (b. [[1838]]) | ||
| - | * [[November 22]] – [[Rose Cleveland]], ''de facto'' [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1846]]) | ||
| - | * [[November 23]] – [[Fritz von Below]], German general (b. [[1853]]) | ||
| - | * [[November 30]] – [[Karl Petrovich Jessen]], Russian admiral (b. [[1852]]) | ||
| - | |||
| - | === December=== | ||
| - | [[File:Sidónio Pais.jpg|thumb|120px|right|[[Sidónio Pais]]]] | ||
| - | [[File:Zanz-Ali II.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Sultan [[Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar]]]] | ||
| - | * [[December 2]] – [[Edmond Rostand]], French writer (b. [[1868]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 4]] – [[Princess Teriivaetua]] (b. [[1869]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 5]] – [[Schalk Willem Burger]], Boer military leader, lawyer, politician, and statesman, acting [[President of the South African Republic]] (1900-1902) (b. [[1852]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 11]] – [[Ivan Cankar]], Slovenian writer (b. [[1876]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 14]] – [[Sidónio Pais]], Portuguese politician, general and diplomat, 66th [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] and 4th [[President of Portugal]] (b. [[1872]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 20]] – Sultan [[Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar]] (b. [[1884]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 21]] – [[Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]], Austrian statesman, former Prime Minister (b. [[1863]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 28]] – [[Olavo Bilac]], Brazilian poet (b. [[1865]]) | ||
| - | |||
| - | == Nobel Prizes == | ||
| - | [[File:Nobel medal.png|right|100px]] | ||
| - | * [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Max Planck|Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck]] | ||
| - | * [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Fritz Haber]] | ||
| - | * [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – not awarded | ||
| - | * [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – not awarded | ||
| - | * [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – not awarded | ||
| - | |||
| - | == References == | ||
| - | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Primary sources and year books=== | ||
| - | * [https://archive.org/details/NewInternationalYearBookFor1918 ''New International Year Book 1918'' (1919)], Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 904 pp | ||
| - | * {{cite book|author=Wickware. Francis Graham. ed.|title=The American Year Book: A Record of Events and Progress...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3qhRAAAAYAAJ|year=1919|publisher=T. Nelson & Sons}} | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{DEFAULTSORT:1918}} | ||
| - | [[Category:1918| ]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | == Art and culture == | ||
| - | *[[Jean Cocteau]] meets [[Raymond Radiguet]] | ||
| - | *End of [[World War I]] | ||
| - | *Start of [[Weimar Republic]] | ||
| - | == Literature == | ||
| - | |||
| - | *''[[Twenty-Five Poems]]'' by Tzara | ||
| - | *''[[Calligrammes]]'' by Guillaume Apollinaire | ||
| - | *"[[What is Dadaism and what does it want in Germany?]]" | ||
| - | == Visual arts == | ||
| - | *First version of ''[[L.H.O.O.Q.]]'' | ||
| - | *[[Red and Blue Chair]] (1918) - [[Gerrit Rietveld]] | ||
| - | *''[[Suprematist Composition: White on White]]''[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kazimir_Malevich_-_%27Suprematist_Composition-_White_on_White%27,_oil_on_canvas,_1918,_Museum_of_Modern_Art.jpg] (1918) by [[Malevich]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | == Births == | ||
| - | *[[André Bazin]] (1918 - 1958) | ||
| - | *[[Robert Aldrich]] (1918 - 1983) | ||
| - | *[[Richard Hoggart]] (1918 - 2004) | ||
| - | * [[James Kirkup]] (1918 – 2009) , a prolific English poet, translator and travel writer | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Deaths == | ||
| - | *[[Egon Schiele]] (1890 - 1918) | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
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1918 (MCMXVIII) was the 918th year of the 2nd millennium, the 18th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1910s decade.
Contents |
[edit]
Events
- February 6 – Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom: Representation of the People Act gives most women over 30 the vote.
- March 26 – Dr. Marie Stopes publishes her influential book Married Love in the U.K.
- July 17 – Execution of the Romanov family by order of the Bolshevik Party
- August 30 - In response to the October Revolution in Russia, Vladimir Lenin is shot and wounded by Fanny Kaplan in Moscow, but survives.
- November 11 - End of WWI and Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)
[edit]
Art and culture
- End of World War I
- Start of Weimar Republic
- March 23 - Dada Manifesto by Tristan Tzara
- In February 1918, Richard Huelsenbeck gave his first Dada speech in Berlin, and produced a Dada manifesto later in the year
[edit]
Film
- Es werde Licht! by Richard Oswald
[edit]
Literature
[edit]
Fiction
- Casanova's Homecoming by Arthur Schnitzler
[edit]
Poetry
- Twenty-Five Poems by Tzara
- Calligrammes by Guillaume Apollinaire
[edit]
Non-fiction
- The Decline of the West by Oswald Spengler, first volume published
[edit]
Visual arts
- First version of L.H.O.O.Q.
- Red and Blue Chair by Gerrit Rietveld
- White on White by Kazimir Malevich
[edit]
Births
- January 20 - Juan García Esquivel, Mexican bandleader (d. 2002)
- January 26 - Philip José Farmer, American writer (d. 2009)
- February 2 – Hella Haasse, Dutch writer (d. 2011)
- February 15 – Allan Arbus, American actor (M*A*S*H) (d. 2013)
- February 16 – Patty Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (d. 2013)
- February 26 - Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d. 1985)
- March 9 - Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006)
- March 12 – Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
- April 16 – Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d. 2002)
- April 18 - Gabriel Axel, Danish film director (d. 2014)
- April 18 – André Bazin, French film critic and theorist (d. 1958)
- April 23 – James Kirkup, a prolific English poet, translator and travel writer (d. 2009)
- July 14 - Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film director (d. 2007)
- August 9 – Robert Aldrich, American film director (d. 1983)
- August 25 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (d. 1990)
- September 24 – Richard Hoggart, British academic (d. 2004)
- October 16 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (d. 1990)
- October 17 – Rita Hayworth, American actress (d. 1987)
- December 11 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
[edit]
Deaths
- March 25 - Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
- April 18 – Otto Wagner, Austro-Hungarian architect and urban planner (b. 1841)
- June 27 – Joséphin Péladan, French occultist (b. 1858)
- September 28 - Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
- October 31 - Egon Schiele, Austrian artist (b. 1890)
- November 9 - Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1918" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
