1860s  

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[[Image:Scherzo di Follia.jpg |thumb|200px|''[[Scherzo di Follia]]'' (circa 1863-66): [[Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione]] photographed by French photographer [[Pierre-Louis Pierson]]]] [[Image:Scherzo di Follia.jpg |thumb|200px|''[[Scherzo di Follia]]'' (circa 1863-66): [[Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione]] photographed by French photographer [[Pierre-Louis Pierson]]]]
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-The '''1860s''' were an extremely [[turbulent]] [[decade]] with numerous cultural, social, and political upheavals in [[Europe]] and [[United States|America]]. The abolition of [[slavery]] in America led to the breakdown of the [[Atlantic slave trade]], which was already suffering from the abolition of slavery in most of [[Europe]] in the late [[1820s]] and [[1830s|'30s]]. In America, [[American Civil War|civil war]] led to [[total war]] and after the war, the turmoil continued with the rise of [[white supremacy|white supremacist]] organizations like the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and the issue of granting [[Civil Rights]] to freed [[African American|blacks]]. +The '''1860s''' were an extremely [[turbulent]] [[decade]] with numerous cultural, social, and political upheavals in [[Europe]] and [[United States|America]]. The [[abolition of slavery]] in America led to the breakdown of the [[Atlantic slave trade]], which was already suffering from the abolition of slavery in most of [[Europe]] in the late [[1820s]] and [[1830s|'30s]]. In America, [[American Civil War|civil war]] led to [[total war]] and after the war, the turmoil continued with the rise of [[white supremacy|white supremacist]] organizations like the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and the issue of granting [[Civil Rights]] to freed [[African American|blacks]].
-In France, the first [[Salon des Refusés]] on May 17 1863 invited [[art]]-works rejected for display at the [[Paris Salon of 1863]]. Many consider this the [[birth of modern art]]. [[Absinthe]] becomes popular in Europe.+In France, the first [[Salon des Refusés]] in 1863 invited [[art]]-works rejected for display at the [[Paris Salon of 1863]]. Many consider this the [[birth of modern art]]. [[Absinthe]] becomes popular in Europe.
==Literature and arts== ==Literature and arts==

Revision as of 20:16, 21 October 2013

James Whistler's painting Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl (1862) caused controversy when exhibited in London and, later, at the Salon des Refusés in Paris. The painting epitomizes his theory that art should essentially be concerned with the beautiful arrangement of colors in harmony, not with the accurate portrayal of the natural world.
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James Whistler's painting Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl (1862) caused controversy when exhibited in London and, later, at the Salon des Refusés in Paris. The painting epitomizes his theory that art should essentially be concerned with the beautiful arrangement of colors in harmony, not with the accurate portrayal of the natural world.
Scherzo di Follia (circa 1863-66): Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione photographed by French photographer Pierre-Louis Pierson
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Scherzo di Follia (circa 1863-66): Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione photographed by French photographer Pierre-Louis Pierson

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The 1860s were an extremely turbulent decade with numerous cultural, social, and political upheavals in Europe and America. The abolition of slavery in America led to the breakdown of the Atlantic slave trade, which was already suffering from the abolition of slavery in most of Europe in the late 1820s and '30s. In America, civil war led to total war and after the war, the turmoil continued with the rise of white supremacist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and the issue of granting Civil Rights to freed blacks.

In France, the first Salon des Refusés in 1863 invited art-works rejected for display at the Paris Salon of 1863. Many consider this the birth of modern art. Absinthe becomes popular in Europe.

Literature and arts

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