12th century
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| :''[[Letters of Heloise and Abelard ]]'' | :''[[Letters of Heloise and Abelard ]]'' | ||
| - | The '''''Letters of Heloise and Abelard''''' is a series of letters between French priest [[Peter Abelard]] and his female student [[Héloïse]] after their [[separation]] and his [[castration]]. These letters were also the inspiration for [[Alexander Pope]]'s poem "[[Eloisa to Abelard]]". | + | ==Inventions, discoveries and introductions== |
| + | *Beginning of the [[Gothic architecture]] style in [[France]]. | ||
| + | *Building of [[Angkor Wat]] in [[Khmer empire]]. | ||
| + | *First [[Medieval university|European universities]] founded. | ||
| + | *[[Christian humanism]] becomes a self-conscious philosophical tendency in Europe. | ||
| + | *Earliest record of a [[miracle play]], in [[Dunstable, England]]. | ||
| + | *Beginning of [[trouvère]] music and poetry in [[France]]. | ||
| + | *[[Georgians|Georgian]] poet [[Shota Rustaveli]] composes his epic poem [[The Knight in the Panther's Skin]] | ||
| + | *Beginning of the [[Ars antiqua]] period in the history of [[Classical music|Western European music]]. | ||
| + | *The ''[[Madrid Skylitzes]]'' manuscript illustrates the ''Synopsis of Histories'' by [[John Skylitzes]]. | ||
| + | *Earliest Western account of a mariner's [[compass]], by [[Alexander Neckam]] is "De utensilibus" (see [[Shen Kuo]]). | ||
| + | *Although known in China since the [[5th century BC]], the [[blast furnace]] for smelting [[cast iron]] first appears in Europe, in and around [[Lapphyttan]], Sweden, as early as [[1150]]. | ||
| + | *First fire and plague [[insurance]] (in [[Iceland]]). | ||
| + | *First authenticated [[influenza]] epidemics. | ||
| + | *Invention of the [[Kente cloth]]. | ||
| + | *Start of [[Middle English]]. | ||
| + | *Introduction of Christianity in [[Finland]], [[Karelia]] and [[Estonia]] | ||
| + | *[[Hoysala architecture]] reaches a peak. | ||
| + | *[[Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi]] (1155–1191) founder of school of illumination (Ishraq). | ||
| + | *[[1165]] — The [[Liuhe Pagoda]] of [[Hangzhou]], China, is built. | ||
| + | *[[1111]] — The Chinese [[Donglin Academy]] is founded | ||
| + | *[[1107]] — The Chinese engineer Wu Deren combines the mechanical [[compass]] vehicle of the [[South Pointing Chariot]] with the distance-measuring [[odometer]] device. | ||
| + | *The [[Durham Cathedral]] of England is completed. | ||
| + | *The [[kasbah]] of [[Marrakesh]] is built, city gate [[Bab Agnaou]] and the [[Koutoubia]] mosque. | ||
| + | *[[1104]] — The [[Venice Arsenal]] of [[Venice]], Italy, is founded. It employed some 16000 people for the [[mass production]] of sailing ships in large [[assembly line]]s, hundreds of years before the [[Industrial Revolution]]. | ||
| + | *[[1106]]- Finished building of [[Gelati]]. | ||
| + | *[[1185]] First record of windmills. | ||
| + | |||
| - | These letters are only known by posthumous copies which makes it impossible to ascertain their authenticity, no original copies of these letters exist. Yet even if other authors have been attributed to the letters, the name of [[Jean de Meung]] has cropped up, the letters' authenticity remain the most probable thesis. | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 21:23, 5 June 2009
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Featured: |
Inventions, discoveries and introductions
- Beginning of the Gothic architecture style in France.
- Building of Angkor Wat in Khmer empire.
- First European universities founded.
- Christian humanism becomes a self-conscious philosophical tendency in Europe.
- Earliest record of a miracle play, in Dunstable, England.
- Beginning of trouvère music and poetry in France.
- Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli composes his epic poem The Knight in the Panther's Skin
- Beginning of the Ars antiqua period in the history of Western European music.
- The Madrid Skylitzes manuscript illustrates the Synopsis of Histories by John Skylitzes.
- Earliest Western account of a mariner's compass, by Alexander Neckam is "De utensilibus" (see Shen Kuo).
- Although known in China since the 5th century BC, the blast furnace for smelting cast iron first appears in Europe, in and around Lapphyttan, Sweden, as early as 1150.
- First fire and plague insurance (in Iceland).
- First authenticated influenza epidemics.
- Invention of the Kente cloth.
- Start of Middle English.
- Introduction of Christianity in Finland, Karelia and Estonia
- Hoysala architecture reaches a peak.
- Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi (1155–1191) founder of school of illumination (Ishraq).
- 1165 — The Liuhe Pagoda of Hangzhou, China, is built.
- 1111 — The Chinese Donglin Academy is founded
- 1107 — The Chinese engineer Wu Deren combines the mechanical compass vehicle of the South Pointing Chariot with the distance-measuring odometer device.
- The Durham Cathedral of England is completed.
- The kasbah of Marrakesh is built, city gate Bab Agnaou and the Koutoubia mosque.
- 1104 — The Venice Arsenal of Venice, Italy, is founded. It employed some 16000 people for the mass production of sailing ships in large assembly lines, hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution.
- 1106- Finished building of Gelati.
- 1185 First record of windmills.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "12th century" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
