1850s
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| + | [[Image:Louis Janmot Nightmare.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''Poem of the Soul, Nightmare'' (1854) by Louis Janmot]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Stryge by Meryon.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''[[Stryge]]'' ([[1853]]) is a print by [[French etcher]] [[Charles Méryon]] depicting one of the [[Chimera (architecture)|chimera]] of the ''[[Galerie des chimères]]'' of the [[Notre Dame de Paris]] cathedral.]] | ||
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| + | "[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as [[tragedy]], the second time as [[farce]]." --"[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]" (1852) by Karl Marx | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | "To be [[government|GOVERNED]] is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so [[To be governed is ... |[...]]]. --[[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| [[Image:The Crystal Palace.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A huge [[iron]] and [[glass]] building, [[The Crystal Palace]] was one of the [[wonder]]s of, if not the [[world]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. A rebuilt and expanded version of the building that originally housed the [[Great Exhibition]] of [[1851]], it stood in [[Sydenham]] from [[1854]] until [[1936]], and attracted many thousands of visitors from all levels of society. The name "Crystal Palace" was coined by the satirical magazine [[Punch magazine|Punch]]. Today, it symbolizes [[modern architecture]], the rise of [[consumer culture]] and the start of [[industrial design]].]] | [[Image:The Crystal Palace.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A huge [[iron]] and [[glass]] building, [[The Crystal Palace]] was one of the [[wonder]]s of, if not the [[world]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. A rebuilt and expanded version of the building that originally housed the [[Great Exhibition]] of [[1851]], it stood in [[Sydenham]] from [[1854]] until [[1936]], and attracted many thousands of visitors from all levels of society. The name "Crystal Palace" was coined by the satirical magazine [[Punch magazine|Punch]]. Today, it symbolizes [[modern architecture]], the rise of [[consumer culture]] and the start of [[industrial design]].]] | ||
| - | + | [[Image:Valley of the Shadow of Death (Roger Fenton).jpg |thumb|right|200px|''[[Valley of the Shadow of Death (Roger Fenton)|Valley of the Shadow of Death]]'' (1855) by Roger Fenton]] | |
| + | [[Image:Ther Gleaners by Jean-François Millet.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Gleaners]]'' (1857) by Jean-François Millet]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | + | {|class="toc hlist" id="toc" summary="Contents" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;" | |
| + | |colspan="3" | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! style="text-align:right; width:310px;"|<< [[1840s]] | ||
| + | ! style="width:125px;"| | ||
| + | ! style="text-align:left; width:310px;"|[[1860s]] >> | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | The '''1850s''' was a very [[turbulent]] decade, as wars such as the [[Crimean War]], shifted and shook [[European politics]], as well as the expansion of [[colonization]] towards the [[Far East]], which also sparked conflicts like the [[Second Opium War]]. At the mean time, The [[United States]] saw its peak on [[American frontier|mass migration to the American West]], that particularly made the nation experience an economic boom, as well as a rapidly increasing population. | ||
| == Art and culture == | == Art and culture == | ||
| + | *[[Bohemianism]] | ||
| + | *rise of [[fine art photography]] | ||
| + | *the [[Great Exhibition]] (UK world fair) | ||
| + | *invention of [[wood pulp|pulp paper]] | ||
| + | *first purpose-built [[music hall]]s | ||
| + | *start of "[[industrial design]]" | ||
| + | *start of [[modernism]] | ||
| + | *[[Baron Haussmann]] begins redesign of Paris, creating boulevards | ||
| + | *[[James Whistler]], American artist, is one of many artists who flow into Paris after having read [[Murger]]'s accounts | ||
| + | *[[New Orleans]] legalizes licensed prostitutes | ||
| + | *[[Frederick Law Olmsted]]'s design for New York's Central Park | ||
| - | Literature: Les Fleurs du mal (1857) - Madame Bovary (1857) - Artifical Paradises (1850s) - The Origin of Species (1859) | + | === Literature === |
| - | + | *''[[The Stones of Venice (book)|The Stones of Venice]]'' (1851-53) by John Ruskin | |
| - | Events and trends: rise of photography as an art form - the Great Exhibition (UK world fair) - invention of pulp paper - first purpose-built music halls - start of "industrial design" - start of modernism | + | *''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]'' (1852) by Harriet Beecher Stowe |
| - | + | *"[[Bartleby, the Scrivener]]" (1853) by Melville | |
| - | The Crystal Palace (1851) - Joseph Paxton | + | *"[[I Sing the Body Electric (poem)|I Sing the Body Electric]]" (1855) by Walt Whitman |
| - | + | *''[[Chemistry of Common Life]]'' (1855) by James Finlay Weir Johnston | |
| - | Poem of the Soul, Nightmare (1854) - Louis Janmot (1814-1892) | + | *''[[Les Fleurs du mal]]'' (1857) Charles Baudelaire |
| - | + | *''[[Madame Bovary]]'' (1857) Gustave Flaubert | |
| - | Great Day of His Wrath (1851-53) - John Martin | + | *''[[The Origin of Species]]'' (1859) by Charles Darwin |
| - | + | ===Visual culture=== | |
| - | Fading Away (1858) - Henry Peach Robinson | + | *''[[The Stone Breakers]]'' (1850) by Gustave Courbet |
| - | + | *''[[A Burial At Ornans]]'' (1850) by Gustave Courbet | |
| - | “The degenerate human being, if he is abandoned to himself, falls into a progressive degradation. He becomes…not only incapable of forming part of the chain of transmission of progress in human society, he is the greatest obstacle to this progress through his contact with the healthy proportion of the population.” Bénédict Augustin Morel, Treatise on the Physical, Intellectual and Moral Degeneration of the Human Race, 1857 | + | *[[The Crystal Palace]] (1851) - Joseph Paxton |
| - | + | *''[[Poem of the Soul, Nightmare]]'' (1854) - Louis Janmot | |
| - | Wood pulp [...] | + | *''[[The Great Day of His Wrath]]'' (1851-53) - John Martin |
| - | + | *''[[Fading Away]]'' (1858) - Henry Peach Robinson | |
| - | Around 1850, a German named Friedrich Gottlob Keller crushed wood with a wet grindstone to obtain wood pulp. Further experimentation by American chemist C.B. Tilghman and Swedish inventor C.F. Dahl enabled the manufacture of wood pulp using chemicals to break down the fibres. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_pulp#History [Nov 2005] | + | *[[The red splodge representing the reign of Ivan the Terrible in Gustave Doré's 'The History of Holy Russia'|The red splodge representing the reign of Ivan the Terrible]] (1854) in Gustave Doré's ''The History of Holy Russia'' |
| - | + | *''[[Infant Photography Giving the Painter an Additional Brush]]'' (1856), photo by Oscar Gustave Rejlander | |
| - | Variety Shows, Music Hall Entertainment, and Dance Halls | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Music Hall is a type of British theatre which had its start in the public "song and supper" rooms of the 1850s. It flourished from the 1890s to the Second World War, when other forms of popular music evolved and it began to be replaced by films as the most popular form of entertainment. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | British Music Hall was similar to American vaudeville, featuring rousing songs and standard jokes, while in the United Kingdom the term vaudeville referred to more lowbrow entertainment that would have been termed burlesque in the United States. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | *''[[The Stones of Venice]]'' | + | |
| - | *Haussman begins redesign of Paris, creating boulevards | + | |
| - | *James Whistler, American artist, is one of many artists who flow into Paris after having read Murger's accounts | + | |
| - | *New Orleans legalizes licensed prostitutes | + | |
| - | *Olmsted's design for New York's Central Park | + | |
| - | *Darwin's Origin of the Species published | + | |
| - | + | ||
| == Births == | == Births == | ||
| *[[Guy de Maupassant]] (1850 - 1893) | *[[Guy de Maupassant]] (1850 - 1893) | ||
Current revision
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"Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce." --"The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon" (1852) by Karl Marx "To be GOVERNED is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so [...]. --Pierre-Joseph Proudhon |
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
| << 1840s | 1860s >> | |
|---|---|---|
The 1850s was a very turbulent decade, as wars such as the Crimean War, shifted and shook European politics, as well as the expansion of colonization towards the Far East, which also sparked conflicts like the Second Opium War. At the mean time, The United States saw its peak on mass migration to the American West, that particularly made the nation experience an economic boom, as well as a rapidly increasing population.
Contents |
[edit]
Art and culture
- Bohemianism
- rise of fine art photography
- the Great Exhibition (UK world fair)
- invention of pulp paper
- first purpose-built music halls
- start of "industrial design"
- start of modernism
- Baron Haussmann begins redesign of Paris, creating boulevards
- James Whistler, American artist, is one of many artists who flow into Paris after having read Murger's accounts
- New Orleans legalizes licensed prostitutes
- Frederick Law Olmsted's design for New York's Central Park
[edit]
Literature
- The Stones of Venice (1851-53) by John Ruskin
- Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) by Harriet Beecher Stowe
- "Bartleby, the Scrivener" (1853) by Melville
- "I Sing the Body Electric" (1855) by Walt Whitman
- Chemistry of Common Life (1855) by James Finlay Weir Johnston
- Les Fleurs du mal (1857) Charles Baudelaire
- Madame Bovary (1857) Gustave Flaubert
- The Origin of Species (1859) by Charles Darwin
[edit]
Visual culture
- The Stone Breakers (1850) by Gustave Courbet
- A Burial At Ornans (1850) by Gustave Courbet
- The Crystal Palace (1851) - Joseph Paxton
- Poem of the Soul, Nightmare (1854) - Louis Janmot
- The Great Day of His Wrath (1851-53) - John Martin
- Fading Away (1858) - Henry Peach Robinson
- The red splodge representing the reign of Ivan the Terrible (1854) in Gustave Doré's The History of Holy Russia
- Infant Photography Giving the Painter an Additional Brush (1856), photo by Oscar Gustave Rejlander
[edit]
Births
- Guy de Maupassant (1850 - 1893)
- Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 - 1894)
- Jose Posada (1851 - 1913)
- Antoni Gaudí (1852 - 1926)
- Vincent van Gogh (1853 - 1890)
- Oscar Wilde (1854 - 1900)
- Arthur Rimbaud (1854 - 1891)
- H. Rider Haggard (1856 - 1925)
- Max Klinger (1857 - 1920)
- Émile Durkheim (1858 - 1917)
- Henri Bergson (1859 - 1941)
- Havelock Ellis (1859 - 1939)
[edit]
Deaths
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1850s" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
