15th century
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| As a means of recording the passage of [[time]], the '''15th century''' was that [[century]] which lasted from [[1401]] to [[1500]]. | As a means of recording the passage of [[time]], the '''15th century''' was that [[century]] which lasted from [[1401]] to [[1500]]. | ||
| - | == Fashion == | + | == Trends== |
| + | *[[Gothic art]] | ||
| + | *[[Middle Ages]] | ||
| + | *[[Gilles de Rais]] | ||
| + | *rediscovery of [[Nero]]'s [[Golden house]] | ||
| + | *[[early Renaissance]] | ||
| *[[Fashion in 15th century Europe]] | *[[Fashion in 15th century Europe]] | ||
| - | '''Fashion in 15th century Europe''' is characterized by a series of extremes and extravagances, from the voluminous gowns called [[houppelande]]s with their sweeping floor-length sleeves to the revealing [[doublet (clothing)|doublet]]s and [[hose (clothing)|hose]] of [[Renaissance Italy]]. [[Hat]]s, [[hood]]s, and other [[headdress]]es assumed increasing importance, and were swagged, draped, jewelled, and [[feather]]ed. | ||
| - | As Europe continued to grow more prosperous, the urban middle classes, including skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed, at a distance, the fashions set by the elites. National variations in clothing seem on the whole to have increased over the century. | ||
| ==Events== | ==Events== | ||
| * [[1429]]: [[Joan of Arc]] ends the [[Siege of Orléans]] and turns the tide of the [[Hundred Years' War]]. | * [[1429]]: [[Joan of Arc]] ends the [[Siege of Orléans]] and turns the tide of the [[Hundred Years' War]]. | ||
| Line 60: | Line 63: | ||
| == Notes == | == Notes == | ||
| - | Related: | ||
| - | [[Gothic art]] - [[Middle Ages]] - [[Gilles de Rais]] - rediscovery of [[Nero]]'s [[Golden house]] - [[early Renaissance]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| *[[Jean Fouquet]] (or Jehan Fouquet, 1420 - 1481) was a French painter. | *[[Jean Fouquet]] (or Jehan Fouquet, 1420 - 1481) was a French painter. | ||
| *Venus, c. 1485 - [[Botticelli]] | *Venus, c. 1485 - [[Botticelli]] | ||
Revision as of 08:16, 22 March 2008
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500.
Contents |
Trends
- Gothic art
- Middle Ages
- Gilles de Rais
- rediscovery of Nero's Golden house
- early Renaissance
- Fashion in 15th century Europe
Events
- 1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War.
- 1481: Spanish Inquisition begins.
- 1492: Jews expelled from Spain.
- 1492: Christopher Columbus founds Spain's first New World colony on Hispaniola.
- 1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves.
- 1494-1559: The Italian Wars lead to the downfall of the Italian city-states.
- 1497-1499: Vasco da Gama's first voyage from Europe to India and back.
Significant people
- Jan Hus, Bohemian religious thinker and reformer (c. 1369 - 1415).
- Johannes Gutenberg, European inventor of printing with movable type (c.1398 - 1468)
- Joan of Arc, national heroine of France (1412 - 1431).
- François Villon, French poet (c. 1431 - 1474).
- Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Conqueror of Constantinople (1432 - 1481).
- Marsilio Ficino, Significant translator of Plato's works (1433 - 1481).
- Isabella of Castile, co-ruler of Ferdinand II of Aragon and responsible with him for the unification of Spain (1451 - 1504).
- Christopher Columbus sails to the Americas for Spain (c. 1451 - 1506).
- Leonardo da Vinci, inventor and painter (1452 - 1519).
- Vasco da Gama reaches India for Portugal, creating the first maritime alternative for the Silk Road (c. 1469 - 1524
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
List of 15th century inventions
- Renaissance affects philosophy, science and art.
- Age of Discovery begins.
- Rise of Modern English language from Middle English.
- Introduction of the noon bell in the Catholic world.
- Public banks
- Yongle Encyclopedia - over 22,000 volumes
- Psychiatric hospitals
- Development of the woodcut for printing between 1400-1450
- Movable type first used by King Taejong of Joseon - 1403 (Movable type, which allowed individual characters to be arranged to form words, was invented in China by Bi Sheng between 1041 to 1048.)
- Although pioneered earlier in Korea and by the Chinese official Wang Zhen (with tin), bronze metal movable type printing is created in China by Hua Sui in 1490.
- Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press in Europe (c. 1455).
- Linear perspective drawing perfected by Filippo Brunelleschi 1410-1415
- Invention of the harpsichord c. 1450
- Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus 1492
- First canal lock reportedly built in Vreeswijk, Netherlands in 1481
Births
- François Villon
- Hans Holbein
- Hieronymus Bosch
- Quentin Matsys
- Albrecht Dürer
- Matthias Grünewald
- Lucas Cranach
- Hans Baldung Grien
- Pietro Aretino
- François Rabelais
Notes
- Jean Fouquet (or Jehan Fouquet, 1420 - 1481) was a French painter.
- Venus, c. 1485 - Botticelli
- Satyr mourning over a nymph (c. 1495) - Piero di Cosimo
- 1455: Johann Gutenberg invents printing press using movable type cast from metal
- Rediscovery of Nero's Golden House
- The Bonfire of the Vanities
- Gilles de Rais
- 1493 The use of tobacco is introduced into Europe by Columbus and his crew returning from America.
- Europe Claims America October 12 - Christopher Columbus's expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean. The Italian explorer believes he has reached East Asia.
- 1431 - First German peasant revolt at Worms
- The Malleus Maleficarum (1486) Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger
- Vlad the Impaler
- Vlad III Dracula (also known as Vlad Tepes in Romanian or Vlad the Impaler)
- Hieronymous Bosch
- 1485 The first edition Danse Macabre is published in Paris by Guyot Marchant
- Michael Pacher
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