1585
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| == Events == | == Events == | ||
| - | === January–June === | + | * [[Chocolate]] is introduced to Europe commercially. |
| * [[January 12]] – The [[Netherlands]] adopts the [[Gregorian calendar]]. | * [[January 12]] – The [[Netherlands]] adopts the [[Gregorian calendar]]. | ||
| * February – The [[Spain|Spanish]] seize [[Brussels]]. | * February – The [[Spain|Spanish]] seize [[Brussels]]. | ||
| - | * [[April 24]] – [[Pope Sixtus V]] succeeds [[Pope Gregory XIII]] as the 227th [[pope]]. | ||
| - | * [[May 19]] – Spain seizes English ships in Spanish ports,<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|coauthors=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=160–162|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> precipitating the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | === July–December === | ||
| * [[July 7]] – The [[Treaty of Nemours]] forces King [[Henry III of France]] to capitulate to the demands of the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]], triggering the [[French Wars of Religion|Eighth War of Religion]] (also known as the [[War of the Three Henrys]]) to begin in France. | * [[July 7]] – The [[Treaty of Nemours]] forces King [[Henry III of France]] to capitulate to the demands of the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]], triggering the [[French Wars of Religion|Eighth War of Religion]] (also known as the [[War of the Three Henrys]]) to begin in France. | ||
| - | * [[August 8]] – [[English people|English]] explorer [[John Davis (English explorer)|John Davis]] enters [[Cumberland Sound]] in [[Baffin Island]] in his quest for the [[Northwest Passage]]. | + | * [[August 17]] – [[Antwerp]] is captured by Spanish forces under the Prince of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city. As a result, over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces. Furthermore, upon hearing of the capture of Antwerp, a relief fleet sent to raise the siege instead blockades the [[Schelde]] river, preventing any and all ships from reaching Antwerp for two centuries. This effectively destroys Antwerp's position as an important trade city and de facto capital of the Dutch provinces. Its position is taken over by various northern cities, most prominently [[Amsterdam]]. |
| - | * [[August 14]] – Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] agrees to establish a [[protectorate]] over the Netherlands.<ref name=CBH/> | + | * [[August 20]] – The [[Treaty of Nonsuch]] is signed, committing England to support the [[Dutch Revolt]], thus entering the [[Eighty Years' War]]. |
| - | * [[August 17]] | + | |
| - | ** [[Antwerp]] is captured by Spanish forces under the Prince of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city. As a result, over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces. Furthermore, upon hearing of the capture of Antwerp, a relief fleet sent to raise the siege instead blockades the [[Schelde]] river, preventing any and all ships from reaching Antwerp for two centuries. This effectively destroys Antwerp's position as an important trade city and de facto capital of the Dutch provinces. Its position is taken over by various northern cities, most prominently [[Amsterdam]]. | + | |
| - | ** A first group of colonists sent by Sir [[Walter Ralegh]] under the charge of [[Ralph Lane]] lands in the New World to create [[Roanoke Colony]] on [[Roanoke Island]], off the coast of [[North Carolina]]. This group will depart the following June.<ref name=CBH/> | + | |
| - | * [[August 20]] – The [[Treaty of Nonsuch]] is signed, committing England to support the [[Dutch Revolt]], thus entering the [[Eighty Years' War]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=230–233}}</ref> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === Date unknown === | + | |
| - | * [[Chocolate]] is introduced to Europe commercially. | + | |
| - | </onlyinclude> | + | |
| + | == Art and culture == | ||
| + | ===Literature=== | ||
| + | ====Fiction==== | ||
| + | ====Non-fiction==== | ||
| + | ===Visual art=== | ||
| + | ===Music=== | ||
| + | ===Architecture=== | ||
| == Births == | == Births == | ||
| * [[January 27]] – [[Hendrick Avercamp]], Dutch painter (d. [[1634]]) | * [[January 27]] – [[Hendrick Avercamp]], Dutch painter (d. [[1634]]) | ||
| - | * [[March 5]] – [[John George I, Elector of Saxony]] (d. [[1656]]) | ||
| * [[March 16]] – [[Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero]], Dutch writer (d. [[1618]]) | * [[March 16]] – [[Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero]], Dutch writer (d. [[1618]]) | ||
| - | * [[March 22]] – [[Krzysztof Radziwiłł]], Polish nobleman (d. [[1640]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 11]] – [[Evert Horn]], Swedish soldier (d. [[1615]]) | ||
| * [[August 11]] – [[Hamnet Shakespeare]], Son of William Shakespeare | * [[August 11]] – [[Hamnet Shakespeare]], Son of William Shakespeare | ||
| * [[September 9]] – [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu]], French statesman (d. [[1642]]) | * [[September 9]] – [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu]], French statesman (d. [[1642]]) | ||
| - | * October – [[John Ball (Puritan)|John Ball]], English puritan divine (d. [[1640]]) | ||
| - | * [[October 9]] – [[Heinrich Schütz]], German composer (d. [[1672]]) | ||
| - | * [[October 15]] – [[Louis Cappel]], French Protestant churchman and scholar (d. [[1658]]) | ||
| * [[October 28]] – [[Cornelius Jansen]], French bishop of Ypres and religious reformer (d. [[1638]]) | * [[October 28]] – [[Cornelius Jansen]], French bishop of Ypres and religious reformer (d. [[1638]]) | ||
| - | * [[November 1]] – [[Jan Brożek]], Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d. [[1652]]) | + | * [[Lucilio Vanini]], Italian free-thinker (d. [[1619]]) |
| - | * [[December 4]] – [[John Cotton (puritan)|John Cotton]], founder of Boston, Massachusetts (d. [[1652]]) | + | * [[Uriel da Costa]], Portuguese Jewish philosopher (d. [[1640]]) |
| - | * [[December 13]] – [[William Drummond of Hawthornden]], Scottish poet (d. [[1649]]) | + | |
| - | * ''date unknown'' | + | |
| - | ** [[Zachary Boyd]], Scottish religious writer (d. [[1653]]) | + | |
| - | ** [[Ambrose Barlow]], Catholic priest and martyr (d. [[1641]]) | + | |
| - | ** [[Thomas Preston, 1st Viscount Tara]], Irish soldier (d. [[1655]]) | + | |
| - | ** [[Lucilio Vanini]], Italian free-thinker (d. [[1619]]) | + | |
| - | ** [[Alexander Whitaker]], Virginia Colony religious leader (d. [[1616]]) | + | |
| - | * ''probable'' | + | |
| - | ** [[Uriel da Costa]], Portuguese Jewish philosopher (d. [[1640]]) | + | |
| - | ** [[Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses]], Spanish novelist (d. [[1638]]) | + | |
| - | ** [[Francesco Fontana]], Italian lawyer and astronomer (d. [[1656]]) | + | |
| - | ** [[Jacob Le Maire]], Dutch mariner (d. [[1616]]) | + | |
| == Deaths == | == Deaths == | ||
| - | * [[January 16]] – [[Edward Fiennes Clinton]], English admiral (b. [[1512]]) | ||
| - | * [[February 6]] – [[Edmund Plowden]], English legal scholar (b. [[1518]]) | ||
| - | * [[February 13]] – [[Alfonso Salmeron]], Spanish Jesuit biblical scholar (b. [[1515]]) | ||
| - | * [[March 10]] – [[Rembert Dodoens]], Flemish physician and botanist (b. [[1517]]) | ||
| - | * [[April 3]] – [[Thomas Goldwell]], English ecclesiastic | ||
| * [[April 10]] – [[Pope Gregory XIII]] (b. [[1502]]) | * [[April 10]] – [[Pope Gregory XIII]] (b. [[1502]]) | ||
| - | * [[May 15]] – [[Niwa Nagahide]], Japanese warlord (b. [[1535]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 4]] – [[Muretus]], French humanist (b. [[1526]]) | ||
| - | * [[June 21]] – [[Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland]] (b. [[1532]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 6]] – [[Thomas Aufield]], English Catholic martyr (b. [[1552]]) | ||
| - | * [[July 28]] – [[Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford]] (b. [[1527]]) | ||
| - | * [[August 5]] – [[Yermak Timofeyevich]], Cossack leader and explorer of Siberia | ||
| - | * [[October 29]] – [[Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha]], Ottoman (Turkish) grand vizier (b.1527) | ||
| - | * [[November 23]] – [[Thomas Tallis]], English composer (b. c. [[1510]]) | ||
| - | * [[November 28]] – [[Hernando Franco]], Spanish composer (b. [[1532]]) | ||
| * December – [[Pierre de Ronsard]], French poet (b. [[1524]]) | * December – [[Pierre de Ronsard]], French poet (b. [[1524]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 4]] – [[John Willock]], Scottish reformer (b. c. [[1515]]) | ||
| - | * [[December 22]] – [[Vittoria Accoramboni]], Italian noblewoman (b. [[1557]]) | ||
| - | * ''date unknown'' | ||
| - | ** [[Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf]], Turkish scientist (b. [[1526]]) | ||
| - | ** [[Stanisław Lubomirski (XVI-1585)]], Polish nobleman | ||
| - | |||
| - | == Art and culture == | ||
| - | ===Literature=== | ||
| - | ====Fiction==== | ||
| - | ====Non-fiction==== | ||
| - | ===Visual art=== | ||
| - | ===Music=== | ||
| - | ===Architecture=== | ||
| - | == Births == | ||
| - | ==Deaths == | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 18:00, 22 September 2013
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Featured: |
Contents |
Events
- Chocolate is introduced to Europe commercially.
- January 12 – The Netherlands adopts the Gregorian calendar.
- February – The Spanish seize Brussels.
- July 7 – The Treaty of Nemours forces King Henry III of France to capitulate to the demands of the Catholic League, triggering the Eighth War of Religion (also known as the War of the Three Henrys) to begin in France.
- August 17 – Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under the Prince of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city. As a result, over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces. Furthermore, upon hearing of the capture of Antwerp, a relief fleet sent to raise the siege instead blockades the Schelde river, preventing any and all ships from reaching Antwerp for two centuries. This effectively destroys Antwerp's position as an important trade city and de facto capital of the Dutch provinces. Its position is taken over by various northern cities, most prominently Amsterdam.
- August 20 – The Treaty of Nonsuch is signed, committing England to support the Dutch Revolt, thus entering the Eighty Years' War.
Art and culture
Literature
Fiction
Non-fiction
Visual art
Music
Architecture
Births
- January 27 – Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (d. 1634)
- March 16 – Gerbrand Adriaensz Bredero, Dutch writer (d. 1618)
- August 11 – Hamnet Shakespeare, Son of William Shakespeare
- September 9 – Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman (d. 1642)
- October 28 – Cornelius Jansen, French bishop of Ypres and religious reformer (d. 1638)
- Lucilio Vanini, Italian free-thinker (d. 1619)
- Uriel da Costa, Portuguese Jewish philosopher (d. 1640)
Deaths
- April 10 – Pope Gregory XIII (b. 1502)
- December – Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (b. 1524)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1585" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
