12th century
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- Letters of Heloise and Abelard, Inventions, discoveries and introductions of the 12th century, The Gay Science
The birth of modern European poetry occurred in Provence around the 12th century, whereupon, after the culture of the troubadours fell into almost complete desolation and destruction due to the Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229), other poets in the 14th century ameliorated and cultivated the gai saber or gaia scienza.
The Letters of Heloise and Abelard is a series of letters between French priest Peter Abelard and his female student Héloïse after their separation and his castration. These letters were also the inspiration for Alexander Pope's poem "Eloisa to Abelard".
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